Table 1.

Potential use of EV-DNA as a biomarker for cancer

Disease	EVs source	Isolation method	EVs/DNA types	Mutation	References
Cancer
Melanoma	Cell lines preclinical mice model	UC	exo/dsDNA	EGFR and BRAF	[9]
Pancreatic cancer	Plasma	UC	exo/dsDNA	KRAS, p53	[8]
Pancreatic cancer	Plasma	UC	exo/dsDNA	KRAS, p53	[90, 91]
Pancreatic cancer	Plasma	Microfluidic platform	ev*/DNA*	KRAS	[92]
Pancreatic cancer	Serum	UC	exo/DNA*	KRAS	[93]
Pancreatic cancer	Seum and plasma	ExoEasy Maxi Kit UC	exo/DNA*	KRAS	[94]
Glioma	Small cohort	UC	ev*/DNA*	Multiple mutations	[95]
Glioblastoma multiforme	Cell lines	PEG-NaCl precipitation	exo/DNA*	NANOGP8 a	[96]
Osteosarcoma	Serum	PEG precipitation SEC	ev*/DNA*	Repetitive element DNAs	[38]
Acute myeloid leukemia	Plasma	UC	ev*/dsDNA		[97]
Urothelial bladder carcinoma	Clinical study/urine	ExoQuick-TC c	exo/DNA*	Multiple mutations and CNVs b	[98]
Non-small cell lung cancer	Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	UC	ev*/DNA*	EGFR	[99]
Lung adenocarcinoma	Malignant pleural effusions	ExoQuick-TC ExoLution plus isolation kit	exo/dsDNA	EGFR	[100, 101]
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas	Serum preclinic	UC	exo/dsDNA	Multiple	[102]
Ovarian cancer	Plasma	miRCURY ™ kit c	Exo/mtDNA	Copy number of mtDNA	[103]
Other conditions
Tuberculosis	Clinical specimens	ExoQuick™	exo/DNA*	MTB-specific IS6110	[104]
Fetal trisomy	Plasma	ExoQuick™	ev*/DNA*	Trisomies, and de novo FGFR3 mutations	[105]

*Not identified

^aAn insertion of 22 bp of NANOGP8 gene into the 3′ UTR

^bCopy number variation (CNV)

^cCommercial exosome precipitation kit