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. 2022 Mar 29;14:35. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01037-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Responder microbiota transplantation decreases tumor growth compared to non-responder colonized mice following immunotherapy treatment. A Growth curve of LLC-luc subcutaneous allograft tumors after human fecal microbiota transplant from responder (n = 4) or non-responder (n = 6) pooled feces into germ-free mice (n = 9/group) treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody injection. Each point is tumor volume mean ± SEM. ANOVA P = 0.023 at the endpoint. B Growth curve of untreated LLC-luc subcutaneous allograft tumors after human fecal microbiota transplant from responder (n = 4) or non-responder (n = 6) pooled feces into germ-free mice (n = 5/group). Each point is tumor volume mean ± SEM. ANOVA P > 0.05 at the endpoint. C Mean ± SEM of tumor weight at the endpoint for mice treated with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody that received FMT from either responder or non-responder pooled feces. Mann-Whitney P = 0.033. D Mean ± SEM of tumor weight at the endpoint for untreated mice that received FMT from either responder or non-responder pooled feces. Mann-Whitney P > 0.05