Table 2.
Joinpoint trend analysis of liver cancer age-standardized incidence, mortality, and 1-MIR rates worldwide by sex, 1990–2019
| Measure | Trend | Both | Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | APC (95%CI) | Year | APC (95%CI) | Year | APC (95%CI) | ||
| Incidence | |||||||
| Trend 1 | 1990–1994 | 2.70*(2.30,3.10) | 1990–1994 | 3.20*(2.80,3.60) | 1990–1995 | 1.30*(1.20,1.50) | |
| Trend 2 | 1994–1998 | −0.10(−0.70,0.50) | 1994–1998 | 0.10(−0.60,0.70) | 1995–2000 | −1.30*(−1.50,-1) | |
| Trend 3 | 1998–2001 | −2.60*(−3.80,-1.40) | 1998–2001 | −2.50*(−3.80,-1.30) | 2000–2005 | −6.0*(−6.20,-5.70) | |
| Trend 4 | 2001–2004 | −8.90*(−10,-7.70) | 2001–2004 | −9.40*(−10.60,-8.30) | 2005–2015 | − 0.60*(− 0.70,-0.50) | |
| Trend 5 | 2004–2007 | −2.40*(−3.60,-1.20) | 2004–2007 | −2.60*(−3.80,-1.30) | 2015–2019 | −0.10(− 0.40,0.10) | |
| Trend 6 | 2007–2019 | 0(−0.10,0) | 2007–2019 | 0.10*(0,0.20) | |||
| AAPC | 1990–2019 | −1.10*(−1.40,-0.90) | 1990–2019 | − 1.10*(− 1.30,-0.80) | 1990–2019 | − 1.30*(− 1.40,-1.20) | |
| Mortality | |||||||
| Trend 1 | 1990–1996 | 1.90*(1.70,2.20) | 1990–1996 | 2.40*(2.10,2.70) | 1990–1996 | 0.90*(0.80,1.10) | |
| Trend 2 | 1996–2000 | −1.70*(− 2.30,-1.10) | 1996–2000 | − 1.50*(− 2.30,-0.80) | 1996–2000 | − 2.0*(− 2.40,-1.60) | |
| Trend 3 | 2000–2004 | −8.90*(− 9.50,-8.30) | 2000–2004 | − 9.40*(− 10.10,-8.80) | 2000–2004 | −7.20*(−7.60,-6.80) | |
| Trend 4 | 2004–2012 | − 1.20*(− 1.30,-1) | 2004–2011 | − 1.30*(− 1.60,− 1.10) | 2004–2012 | -1.10*(− 1.30,-1) | |
| Trend 5 | 2012–2019 | 0.20*(0,0.30) | 2011–2019 | 0.20*(0,0.40) | 2012–2019 | − 0.30*(− 0.40,-0.20) | |
| AAPC | 1990–2019 | − 1.40*(− 1.50,− 1.30) | 1990–2019 | -1.30*(− 1.50,-1.20) | 1990–2019 | −1.50*(− 1.60,-1.40) | |
| 1-MIR | |||||||
| Trend 1 | 1990–1992 | 34.30*(10.80,62.70) | 1990–1992 | 22.90*(3.60,45.70) | – | – | |
| Trend 2 | 1992–1999 | −7.50*(− 10.40,-4.40) | 1992–1999 | − 7.0*(− 9.60,-4.30) | – | – | |
| Trend 3 | 1999–2002 | 65.50*(36.50,100.50) | 1999–2002 | 54.80*(30.60,83.60) | – | – | |
| Trend 4 | 2002–2005 | −16.60(− 31.10,1.10) | 2002–2005 | −13.90(− 27.40,2.10) | – | – | |
| Trend 5 | 2005–2012 | 5.70*(2.30,9.20) | 2005–2012 | 5.30*(2.30,8.30) | – | – | |
| Trend 6 | 2012–2019 | −0.40(− 2.90,2.20) | 2012–2019 | − 0.10(− 2.40,2.20) | – | – | |
| AAPC | 1990–2019 | 4.90*(1.70,8.10) | 1990–2019 | 3.90*(1.20,6.80) | – | – | |
APC Annual Percentage Change, AAPC Average Annual Percent Change, CI Confidence Interval, MIR Mortality-to-incidence Ratio
*Significantly different from 0 at alpha = 0.05 (p < 0.05). There are 1+(number of trend) joinpoints for each model