Table 2.
The time-trend of dysphagia-free period with post-ESD RES in the model of HLM
| Fixed effects | Parameter (SE) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Times | Intercept (d) | 85.9 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 6.9 (0.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female–reference category | Intercept (d) | 86.1 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 3.5 (17.2) | 0.841 | |
| Male | Intercept (d) | 7.3 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 4.5 (1.8) | 0.013 | |
| Age | |||
| Intercept (d) | 86.1 (8.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 1.0 (1.2) | 0.416 | |
| Slope | Intercept (d) | 8.2 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 0.5 (0.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Lesion characteristics | |||
| Circumferential ratio | |||
| ≥ 50%, < 100%–reference category | Intercept (d) | 86.4 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 12.2 (18.0) | 0.500 | |
| 100% | Intercept (d) | 7.1 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 0.75 (2.1) | 0.727 | |
| Infiltration depth | |||
| Intercept (d) | 86.1 (8.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 3.1 (8.2) | 0.002 | |
| Slope | Intercept (d) | 7.2 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 2.9 (0.9) | 0.002 | |
| Stricture length | |||
| Intercept (d) | 115.8 (19.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 6.4 (3.8) | 0.100 | |
| Slope | Intercept (d) | 9.0 (3.2) | 0.005 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 0.3 (0.48) | 0.497 | |
| Number | |||
| One-reference category | Intercept (d) | 80.0 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 39.6 (31.7) | 0.099 | |
| Two or more | Intercept (d) | 7.6 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 2.0 (1.9) | 0.292 | |
| Location | |||
| Intercept (d) | 86.0 (8.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 7.1 (7.6) | 0.689 | |
| Slope | Intercept (d) | 7.0 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 0.7 (1.9) | 0.730 | |
| Therapy characteristics | |||
| Initial dysphagia-free period | |||
| Intercept (d) | 84.8 (14.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Time-trend (d/time) | 0.01 (0.2) | 0.924 | |
| Slope | Intercept (d) | 10.8 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 0.08 (0.04) | 0.050 | |
| Therapy | |||
| Dilation–reference category | Intercept (d) | 86.3 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 20.9 (16.8) | 0.218 | |
| Dilation + Prednisone | Intercept (d) | 8.0 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Time-trend (d/time) | − 8.7 (1.8) | < 0.001 | |
RES: Refractory esophageal strictures
SE: Standard error
HLM: Hierarchical linear model
The intercept and time-trend indicate the estimated point and the degree of change