Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by treatment group
| Variables | Standard care (control) |
Sustained care (intervention) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 45.97 (12.58) | 45.45 (12.92) | 0.701 |
| Age at smoking initiation | 18.70 (16.35) | 16.09 (7.40) | 0.001 |
| Md (IR) | Md (IR) | ||
| Importance of quitting (0–10) | 10 (0) | 10 (0) | 0.844 |
| Confidence to quit (0–10) | 7 (5) | 8 (5) | 0.273 |
| Withdrawal scale (0–4) | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 0.303 |
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Male | 102 (51.3) | 94 (47.2) | 0.422 |
| Ethnoracial group (self-declared) | 0.511 | ||
| White | 67 (36.2) | 62 (33.0) | |
| Black, grayish-brown/indigenous | 118 (63.8) | 126 (67.0) | |
| Education level | 0.201 | ||
| 0–4 years | 5 (2.6) | 1 (0.5) | |
| 5–8 years | 78 (40.4) | 75 (38.1) | |
| More than 9 years | 110 (57) | 121 (61.4) | |
| Married or whit a partner | 61 (33) | 58 (32.2) | 0.878 |
| SES1—average household income in dollars/month2 | 0.228 | ||
| SES A (USD 5.058) | 1 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.0) | |
| SES B1(USD 2.241) | 2 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.5) | |
| SES B2 (USD 1.175) | 43 (21.1) | 30 (15.0) | |
| SES C1 (USD 655) | 112 (56.3) | 110 (55.0) | |
| SES C2 (USD 393) | 42 (21.1) | 58 (29.0) | |
| SES D + E (USD 186) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 (0.5) | |
| Cigarettes/day | 0.165 | ||
| < 10 | 81 (40.5) | 94 (47.3) | |
| 11–20 | 72 (36.0) | 83 (41.7) | |
| > 21 | 47 (23.5) | 22 (11.0) | |
| Time to first cigarette of the day | 0.264 | ||
| After 60 min | 34 (17.3) | 52 (26.4) | |
| Between 31 and 60 min | 24 (12.2) | 19 (9.6) | |
| Between 6 and 30 min | 61 (31.0) | 43 (21.8) | |
| The first 5 min | 78 (39.5) | 83 (42.2) | |
| Nicotine dependence3 ≥ 5 | 168 (84.0) | 179 (89.5) | 0.105 |
| Quit attempts in past year | 69 (34.5) | 87 (43.5) | 0.065 |
| Life use quit medication | 0.742 | ||
| NRT | 32 (16.1) | 34 (16.9) | |
| Bupropion | 15 (4.6) | 15 (7.5) | |
| Champix or Varenicline | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Commitment to quitting | 0.711 | ||
| Plan to stay quit | 118 (62.8) | 125 (64.4) | |
| Plan to try to stay quit | 25 (13.3) | 27 (13.9) | |
| Plan to reduce smoking | 34 (18.1) | 28 (14.4) | |
| Plan not to quit | 11 (5.9) | 14 (7.2) | |
| Current depressive symptoms4 | 88 (56.1) | 88 (55.3) | 0.900 |
| Current anxiety symptoms5 | 96 (72.2) | 98 (76.6) | 0.418 |
| Mild to Severe Risk of alcohol abuse6 | 133 (66.5) | 123 (61.5) | 0.298 |
| NRT during hospitalization | 188 (94.0) | 190 (95.0) | 0.661 |
| Any smoking-cessation treatment | 23 (13.9) | 26 (20.5) | 0.133 |
| Any smoking-cessation counseling | 57 (34.8) | 37 (29.6) | 0.354 |
| Interest in receiving medication | 170 (89.9) | 171 (91.9) | 0.503 |
M Mean, SD Standard deviation, Md Median, IR Interquartile range, SES Social economic stratum, NRT Nicotine replacement therapy
1Assessed via Brazilian criteria and social class distribution (ABEP 2016)
21 real = 4.129 dollars, december 09, 2019
3Assessed via Fagerström test for nicotine dependence
4,5Assessed via patient health questionnaire 4 item (PHQ-4)
6Assessed via alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT-C)