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. 2022 Mar 29;20:127. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02317-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Hazard ratios for incident stroke by age group and CKD stage. Hazard ratios are adjusted for sex, race, treatment arm, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A_1C, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake; body mass index, total-to-HDL cholesterol, systolic BP, use of BP-lowering medications, atrial fibrillation and history of cardiovascular disease, use of antiplatelet agents (including aspirin)/ anticoagulants, diuretics, ACEI/ARB. CKD was classified according to the KDIGO clinical practice guidelines: (1) no CKD defined as eGFR ≥ 60 and UACR < 30; (2) CKD G1, as eGFR ≥ 90 and UACR ≥ 30; (3) CKD G2, as eGFR between 60 and 89 and UACR ≥ 30; (4) CKD G3, as eGFR between 30 and 59 regardless of UACR. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin-II receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio