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. 2022 Mar 29;9:13. doi: 10.1186/s40779-022-00372-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Engraftment of iSGC functionally restored SG. a Schematic diagram representing the experimental procedure. b Starch-iodine sweat tests on paw skin of thermal-injured mice showed that paw pads of mSGM-treated mice (n = 60), iSGC-treated mice (n = 60) and normal mice (n = 60) responded by displaying indigo-black dots on day 21 after transplantation. c The positive rate of sweat test of the iSGC-treated group, (5.2 ± 1.1)% of the recipient mice (n = 60). d H&E staining was conducted to visualize normal group and mSGM- and iSGC-treated wounds on day 21 post-injury. Emerging glandular structures were seen in the dermis of iSGC-treated mice and normal mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. Illustrations, higher magnification of the boxed areas. e The SG markers CK5, CK18, and CK14 were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis to examine the SG formation. The results showed that, like natural paw shin, the iSGC-treated group could form SG-like structures with positive staining for the SG markers, while no SG regeneration was observed in mSGM-treated group. Scale bars = 50 μm. Illustrations, higher magnification of the boxed areas. iSGC induced sweat gland-like cell, SG sweat gland, mSGM modified sweat gland culture medium, CK5 cytokeratin 5, CK18 cytokeratin 18, CK14 cytokeratin 14