IGF-1 prevented impairment of the motor function in the SCA3 mice. (a) Latency to fall (time in seconds for which the mice persisted on the rotarod) for the SCA3 15Q mice and the saline- and IGF-1-treated SCA3 84Q mice during the 9 months of treatment. (b) Within the same group, the latency to fall at pretreatment was normalized to 100%. (c) EthoVision XT 7.0 software was used to analyze trajectories of the mice in the behavioral test. (d) The distance of movement, time of movement, frequency of zone change, and average velocity were included in transformed indices. (e) Captured images of the single stance for each paw. (f) Catwalk parameters included the step cycle, stride length, stand, and average speed. The data are presented as the means ± SEM. Note: # p < 0.05 denotes statistical significance in the saline-treated SCA3 84Q mice compared with the SCA3 15Q mice; * p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference.