Table 1.

The role of various miRNAs in the regulation of mitochondrial genes.

mitomiR	Up/Down	Effects	Target Gene	Localization	Link
miR-181a-34a and -146a		Induces mitochondrial function, activates pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory caspases, and promotes apoptosis.	Bcl-2	Can be localized to and enriched in the mitochondria of sHUVECs	[48]
miR-181c		Changes in mitochondrial metabolism and high ROS generation.	3′-end of mt-COX1	Mitochondria Cytoplasm	[49]
miR-2392		Decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis.	mtDNA at region (4379–4401), ND4, CYTB, COX1	Mitochondria	[50]
miR-378a-3p		Cell apoptosis	PDK1	Cytoplasm	[51]
miR-107		Inhibition of β-oxidation in hepatocytes. Local accumulation of lipids. Impaired glucose tolerance.	HADHA	Cytoplasm	[52]
miR-494-3p		Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes.	PGC1-α, TFAM, PDH, Ucp1, and CIDEA MTCO1	Cytoplasm Mitochondria	[53]
miR-410-3p		Reduces mitochondrial membrane damage and mitochondrial swelling.	TLR2	Cytoplasm	[54]
miR-210		Changes in energy metabolism. Induces oxidative stress.	ISCU	Cytoplasm	[55]
miR-141-3p		Neurotoxicity, apoptosis, and potential abnormalities in mitochondrial membranes.	SIRT1	Cytoplasm	[56]
miR-574-5p or miR-574-3p		Regulation of the protein expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) genes.	FAM210A, MEG	Cytoplasm	[57]
miR-204-5p		Increases oxidative capacity and mitochondrial degradation.	PGC-1α	Cytoplasm	[58]
miR-762		Could contribute to inhibiting ATP production and inducing ROS generation and apoptotic cell death.	CDS of mitochondrial ND2	Mitochondria	[59]