| ACE1 | angiotensin I-converting enzyme, |
| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, |
| Ang-II | angiotensin II, |
| Ang-I | angiotensin I, |
| Ang 1–7 | angiotensin 1–7, |
| APS | antiphospholipid syndrome, |
| ARBs | angiotensin II receptor blockers, |
| AT1R | angiotensin type 1 receptor, |
| AUC0–6h | area under the curve, |
| CAD | coronary artery disease, |
| CCBs | calcium channel blockers, |
| Cmax | maximum concentration, |
| CSG | Coronaviridae Study Group, |
| CYP | cytochrome P450, |
| DDIs | drug–drug interactions, |
| E | envelope, |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency, |
| EUA | Emergency Use Administration, |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration, |
| JAK-STAT | Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription, |
| Kb | kilobases |
| ICU | intensive care unit, |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America, |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6, |
| INR | international normalized ratio, |
| LQTs | long Q-T syndromes, |
| M | membrane, |
| MERS-CoV | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, |
| Mpro | main protease, |
| N | nucleoprotein, |
| NHC-TP | β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine 5′-triphosphate, |
| nsp-3 | nonstructural protein 3, |
| ORF | open reading frames, |
| PAD | peripheral artery disease, |
| PLpro | papain-like protease, |
| RAAS | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, |
| RCTs | randomized clinical trials, |
| RdRp | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, |
| RTP | remdesivir triphosphate, |
| SARS-CoV | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, |
| TMPRSS2 | transmembrane serine protease 2, |
| UTR | untranslated regions, |
| VF | ventricular fibrillation, |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia, |
| WHO | World Health Organization, |
| WT | wild-type, |
| 3CLPRO | 3C-like protease. |