| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| ABCB1 | ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 |
| ABCG2 | ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 |
| AEBP1 | Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 |
| AIF | Apoptosis inducing factor |
| AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| ATM | Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated |
| B-Raf | v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 |
| BSO | Buthionine sulfoximine |
| C/EBP-α | CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha |
| CaM kinases | Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases |
| CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
| c-FLIP | Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein |
| CML | Chronic myeloid leukemia |
| c-MYB | Cellular myeloblastosis |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
| DMAPT | Dimethylaminoparthenolide |
| DNMT1 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| fGn | Carboxyl-functionalized nanographene |
| FRA-1 | Fos-related antigen 1 |
| GBM | Glioblastoma |
| GSCs | Glioma stem cells |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase 1 |
| HMEC | Human mammary epithelial cells |
| HOXA-4 | Homeobox A4 |
| ICAM | Intercellular adhesion molecule |
| IFN-γ | Interferon gamma |
| IkB | Inhibitor of NF-κB |
| IKC | IkB kinase complex |
| IKKα | IkappaB kinase alpha |
| IKKβ | IkappaB kinase beta |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
| IL-2 | Interleukin-2 |
| IL-4 | Interleukin-4 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LEF1 | Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 |
| LSCs | Leukemia stem cells |
| MAPKs | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| MCL-1 | Myeloid cell leukemia 1 |
| MDM2 | Murine double minute 2 |
| MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 |
| MITF | Melanocyte-inducing transcription factor |
| MM | Multiple myeloma |
| MM-CSCs | Multiple myeloma cancer stem cells |
| Mn-SOD | Manganese superoxide dismutase |
| NAC | N-acetyl-l-cysteine |
| NEMO | NF-κB essential modulator |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NOX | NADPH oxidase |
| NPC | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells |
| PCD | Programmed cell death |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| PI3-K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PLGA | Polylactide co-glycolide |
| PN | Parthenolide |
| RIP1 | Receptor-interacting protein 1 |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SAHA | Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid |
| SP1 | Specificity protein 1 |
| SRF | Serum response factor |
| STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| STAT-3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| TCF4 | Transcription factor 4 |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| TNBC | Triple-negative breast cancer |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
| UVB | Ultraviolet B-rays |
| XBP1 | X-box binding protein 1 |
| XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis |