Table 2.
Trends in the prevalence of delayed first ANC visits among women by selected characteristics between 2000 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys
| Characteristics | EDHS 2000 | EDHS 2005 | EDHS 2011 | EDHS 2016 | Percentage point difference in delayed first ANC visit | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2146 | N = 2051 | N = 3368 | N = 4740 | 2000–2005 | 2005–2011 | 2011–2016 | 2000–2016 | |
| Delayed first ANC booking | 76.8 | 77.3 | 73.6 | 67.3 | 0.5 | − 3.7 | − 6.3 | − 9.5 |
| Mother’s age | ||||||||
| < 20 years | 83.4 | 79.7 | 75.4 | 63.5 | − 3.7 | − 4.3 | − 12.0 | − 19.9 |
| 20–34 years | 76.3 | 75.7 | 73.3 | 67.0 | − 0.7 | − 2.3 | − 6.3 | − 9.3 |
| ≥ 35 years | 76.5 | 81.0 | 74.2 | 69.2 | 4.4 | − 6.8 | − 5.0 | − 7.34 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 81.6 | 83.8 | 78.9 | 71.0 | 2.2 | − 4.9 | − 7.9 | − 10.6 |
| Urban | 64.8 | 53.4 | 59.4 | 51.1 | − 11.4 | 6.0 | − 8.3 | − 13.7 |
| Household head | ||||||||
| Female | 75.2 | 63.2 | 66.9 | 61.1 | − 12.0 | 3.7 | − 5.9 | − 14.2 |
| Male | 77.2 | 79.7 | 75.1 | 68.4 | 2.5 | − 4.6 | − 6.7 | − 8.8 |
| Women education | ||||||||
| No education | 81.4 | 82.42 | 78.4 | 71.2 | 1.0 | − 4.0 | − 7.2 | − 10.3 |
| Primary education | 76.5 | 76.6 | 71.7 | 66.3 | 0.1 | − 4.9 | − 5.3 | − 10.1 |
| Secondary education | 56.6 | 56.3 | 55.5 | 53.7 | − 0.3 | − 0.8 | − 1.8 | − 2.9 |
| Husband education | ||||||||
| No education | 81.7 | 81.84 | 78.4 | 69.5 | 0.1 | − 3.5 | − 8.9 | − 12.3 |
| Primary education | 79.4 | 84.2 | 75.6 | 70.4 | 4.8 | − 8.6 | − 5.2 | − 9.0 |
| Secondary education | 64.2 | 61.1 | 59.5 | 59.6 | -3.1 | − 1.7 | 0.1 | − 4.6 |
| Wanted the last pregnancy | ||||||||
| Wanted then | 73.6 | 77.4 | 74.4 | 66.9 | 3.8 | − 2.9 | − 7.6 | − 6.7 |
| Wanted later | 74.1 | 77.8 | 70.6 | 66.4 | 3.6 | − 7.2 | − 4.2 | − 7.7 |
| Wanted no more | 79.1 | 76.1 | 74.5 | 74.5 | − 3.0 | − 1.6 | 0.1 | − 4.5 |
| Women occupation | ||||||||
| Working | 77.5 | 75.4 | 73.6 | 64.3 | − 2.1 | − 1.8 | − 9.3 | − 13.3 |
| Not working | 75.5 | 78.3 | 73.7 | 70.2 | 2.8 | − 4.6 | − 3.5 | − 5.2 |
| Husband occupation | ||||||||
| Working | 76.7 | 77.7 | 74.0 | 67.0 | 1.0 | − 3.7 | − 7.0 | − 9.7 |
| Not working | 80.9 | 81.1 | 45.4 | 67.3 | 0.2 | − 35.7 | 21.8 | − 13.6 |
| Reading newspapers | ||||||||
| Yes | 63.8 | 61.1 | 65.3 | 51.7 | − 2.7 | 4.2 | − 13.6 | − 12.1 |
| No | 79.3 | 80.1 | 75.3 | 69.0 | 0.8 | − 4.8 | − 6.3 | − 10.3 |
| Listening to radio | ||||||||
| Yes | 71.0 | 70.4 | 72.5 | 65.2 | − 0.6 | 2.1 | − 7.3 | − 5.8 |
| No | 81.3 | 84.3 | 75.6 | 68.4 | 3.1 | − 8.8 | − 7.2 | − 12.9 |
| Watching television | ||||||||
| Yes | 60.9 | 55.8 | 68.8 | 54.8 | -5.1 | 13.0 | − 14.0 | − 6.1 |
| No | 79.8 | 83.0 | 78.0 | 71.5 | 3.2 | − 5.0 | − 6.5 | − 8.3 |
| Told pregnancy complication | ||||||||
| Yes | 73.5 | 67.2 | 64.1 | 63.3 | − 6.3 | − 3.1 | − 0.8 | − 10.2 |
| No | 78.2 | 81.8 | 76.2 | 70.7 | 3.6 | − 5.7 | − 5.6 | − 7.6 |
| Ever terminated pregnancy | ||||||||
| Yes | 75.9 | 69.5 | 80.0 | 69.2 | − 9.4 | 10.5 | − 10.8 | − 6.7 |
| No | 77.0 | 78.1 | 72.8 | 67.1 | 1.1 | − 5.3 | − 5.7 | − 9.9 |
| Cesarean delivery | ||||||||
| Yes | 57.6 | 49.0 | 63.8 | 37.2 | − 8.6 | 14.8 | − 26.6 | − 20.4 |
| No | 77.3 | 78.3 | 74.0 | 68.4 | 1.0 | − 4.3 | − 5.6 | − 8.9 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| 1 | 76.6 | 72.0 | 69.4 | 62.8 | − 4.6 | − 2.6 | − 6.6 | − 13.8 |
| 2–4 | 77.4 | 79.1 | 76.1 | 66.9 | 1.7 | − 3.0 | − 9.2 | − 10.5 |
| ≥ 5 | 76.3 | 82.9 | 77.2 | 76.2 | 6.6 | − 5.7 | − 1.0 | − 0.1 |
| Family size | ||||||||
| ≤ 2 | 65.0 | 58.8 | 69.3 | 32.4 | − 6.1 | 10.5 | − 36.8 | − 32.5 |
| 3–4 | 77.1 | 73.5 | 69.0 | 64.3 | − 3.4 | − 4.6 | − 4.7 | − 12.8 |
| ≥ 5 | 77.1 | 79.4 | 75.9 | 69.9 | 2.3 | − 3.6 | − 5.9 | − 7.2 |
| Ever use contraceptive | ||||||||
| Yes | 62.2 | 67.8 | 68.1 | 63.3 | 5.6 | 0.3 | − 4.8 | 1.1 |
| No | 80.1 | 80.4 | 77.1 | 70.2 | 0.2 | − 3.3 | − 6.9 | − 10.0 |
| Region | ||||||||
| Tigray | 82.2 | 80.0 | 75.8 | 63.0 | − 2.2 | − 4.2 | − 12.8 | − 19.2 |
| Afar | 80.6 | 73.6 | 68.9 | 63.2 | − 7.0 | − 4.7 | − 5.7 | − 17.4 |
| Amhara | 77.5 | 77.6 | 73.9 | 58.5 | 0.1 | − 3.7 | − 15.5 | − 19.0 |
| Oromia | 74.6 | 75.5 | 75.9 | 71.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | − 4.7 | − 3.4 |
| Somalia | 69.8 | 49.7 | 63.6 | 68.6 | − 20.1 | 13.9 | 5.0 | − 1.1 |
| Benshangul-Gumuz | 81.8 | 82.2 | 84.3 | 76.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | − 7.4 | − 4.8 |
| SNNPR | 84.3 | 87.0 | 77.3 | 78.3 | 2.6 | − 9.7 | 1 | − 6.1 |
| Gambela | 67.3 | 73.1 | 57.7 | 55.9 | 5.8 | − 15.4 | − 1.7 | − 11.4 |
| Harari | 59.7 | 55.7 | 44.6 | 41.4 | − 3.9 | − 11.1 | − 3.2 | − 18.2 |
| Addis Ababa | 56.5 | 49.1 | 47.0 | 37.6 | − 7.4 | − 2.0 | − 9.4 | − 18.9 |
| Dire Dawa | 56.0 | 46.1 | 42.0 | 31.1 | − 9.9 | − 4.1 | − 10.9 | − 24.9 |