Table 3.

Studies reporting the relationship between frailty and thirty-day mortality patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer

Study	Design	Patient (n =)	Country	Frailty screening tool	Frailty Prevalence	Timing of assessment	Age (Median/ Mean; years)	% Male/Female	TNM Stage	Comments
Artiles-Armas et al. (2021,) [34]	Prospective	149	Spain	Clinical Frailty Scale	42 (CSHA CFS ≥ 4)	Pre-operative	75	64/36	I-IV	Frailty associated with increased mortality on UV analysis (P = 0.009)
Miller et al. (2020,) [26]	Retrospective	9,252	USA	Modified Frailty Index (MFI-5)	15 (MFI ≥ 2)	Pre-operative	NR (25% ≥ 65)	58/42	I-IV	Frailty associated with increased mortality on MV binary log regression (OR 20.8, 95% CI 6.2–70.0, P < 0.001)
Reisinger et al. (2015,) [28]	Retrospective	340	Netherlands	Groningen Frailty Indicator	25 (GFI ≥ 5)	Pre-operative	69	50/50	II-IV	Frailty not associated with increased mortality on UV binary log regression (P = 0.72)
Souwer et al. (2018,) [30]	Retrospective	139	Netherlands	Geriatric 8 questionnaire	50 (G8 ≤ 14)	Pre-operative	77.8	55/45	I-III	Frailty not associated with increased mortality on UV binary log regression (P = 1.00)

UV Univariate, MV Multivariate, OR Odds Ratio