Table 3.
Difference in reporting rates of traumatic life events between individuals with recurrent and single-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) in UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) respondents (N = 29 471)
| Trauma category | Traumatic event | Endorsement in single-episode MDD (%) | Endorsement in recurrent MDD (%) | χ2 statistic | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood emotional abuse | Felt hated by a family member as a child | 2352 (20%) | 5238 (30%) | 405 | 4.41 × 10−90 |
| Childhood emotional neglect | Did not feel loved as a child | 3121 (26%) | 6702 (39%) | 498 |
2.71 × 10−110 |
| Childhood sexual abuse | Was sexually molested as a child | 1217 (10%) | 2690 (16%) | 175 | 6.46 × 10−40 |
| Adulthood emotional abuse | Was belittled by a partner or ex-partner | 3887 (32%) | 7590 (44%) | 370 | 1.57 × 10−82 |
| Adulthood physical abuse | Was physically abused by a partner or ex-partner | 2005 (17%) | 3987 (23%) | 166 | 4.34 × 10−38 |
| Adulthood sexual abuse | Was forced to have sex against my will by a partner or ex-partner | 890 (7%) | 2283 (13%) | 240 | 3.29 × 10−54 |
| PTSD-related: sexual assault | Ever been a victim of sexual assault | 2247 (19%) | 4764 (28%) | 293 | 1.07 × 10−65 |
Traumatic events include three childhood events, three adulthood events and one posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related event. Differences were considered significant if they surpassed the Bonferroni-adjusted α (p < 0.007). Significant p values are shown in bold.