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. 2022 Mar 28;19:37. doi: 10.1186/s12984-022-01006-6

Table 2.

Overview of ownership and agency measures extracted from the literature research

Measure Measured modality Study population
Questionnaires (Ownership) Explicit ownership AB (n = 55), LAnP (n = 9), LAwP (n = 25)
Proprioceptive drift Implicit ownership AB (n = 30), LAnP (n = 4), LAwP (n = 1)
Temperature Implicit ownership AB (n = 4), LAnP (n = 1)
Galvanic skin response Implicit ownership AB (n = 12), LAnP (n = 2)
Cross modal congruency Implicit ownership AB(n = 2), LAwP (n = 1)
Tactile distance perception Implicit ownership LAwP (n = 2)
Sensory attenuation Implicit ownership AB (n = 2), LAwP (n = 1)
Phantom-limb length Implicit ownership LAwP (n = 3)
Questionnaires (Agency) Explicit agency AB (n = 17), LAnP (n = 1), LAwP (n = 11)
Intentional binding Implicit agency AB (n = 2), LAnP (n = 1), LAwP (n = 1)

Only measures performed in at least one study including participants with amputation and only measures explicitly related to either ownership or agency were included

AB, able-bodied; LAnP, participant with limb amputation not wearing a prosthesis, and LAwP, participant with limb amputation wearing a prosthesis)