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. 2022 Mar 27;20:163. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01370-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Principal component analysis (PCA) of SeNPs and Se (IV) treatments and variable trait relationship in rapeseed seedlings a PCA individual plots of Se treatments on rapeseed seedlings, and b PCA loading plots of PC1 and PC2 of the examined variable traits, and the circles indicate the most correlated variables. Score plot represents the separation of treatments as (1) Ck (0 µmol/L); (2) SeNPs 50 µmol/L; (3) Se (IV) 50 µmol/L; (4) SeNPs 100 µmol/L; (5) Se (IV) 100 µmol/L; (6) SeNPs 150 µmol/L and (7) Se (IV) 150 µmol/L. The tested variables included VI (I): vigor index I; VI (II): vigor index II; SL: shoot length; RL: root length; SFW: shoot fresh weight; RFW: root fresh weight; TC: total chlorophyll; C: carotenoids; TSS: total soluble sugar; MDA: malondialdehyde; P: proline content; SOD: superoxidase dismutase; POD: peroxidase; CAT: catalase in Sh: shoots, and R: roots; Dim1: dimension1; Dim2: dimension2; Cos2: squared cosine, and Contrib: contribution