TABLE 1.

Socio-demographic Characteristics of US Adults by Past-year Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Status and Sex

	With OUD				Without OUD
	Total	Male	Female	Bivariate Odds Ratio	Total	Male	Female	Bivariate Odds Ratio
Sample size
Unweighted sample	330	154	176		35,979	15,708	20,271
Weighted population (Row %)	2,092,822 (100.0%)	1,036,696 (49.5%)	1,056,126 (50.5%)		233,319,135 (100.0%)	112,175,123 (48.1%)	121,144,012 (51.9%)
Age
18–44	1,159,112	56.9	53.9	Reference	110,439,302	48.6	46.2	Reference
45–64	771,317	38.6	35.1	0.96	81,689,655	35.2	34.9	1.04
65+	162,393	4.5	11.0	2.60	41,190,179	16.2	19.0	1.23†
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1,489,043	73.8	68.5	Reference	154,324,773	66.6	65.7	Reference
Non-Hispanic black	288,042	10.7	16.8	1.69	27,463,740	11.0	12.5	1.15†
Hispanic	242,317	10.5	12.7	1.31	34,449,514	15.3	14.3	0.95
Other‡	73,420	5.1	2.0	0.43	17,081,108	7.1	7.5	1.08
Marital status
Married	678,649	30.7	34.1	Reference	119,840,001	53.5	49.4	Reference
Never married	556,573	28.1	25.1	0.81	52,454,065	25.1	20.1	0.87†
Other§	857,600	41.2	40.8	0.89	61,025,069	21.5	30.5	1.54†
Family income
<$20,000	986,168	52.9	41.5	Reference	52,691,275	19.9	25.1	Reference
$20,000–$39,999	490,614	20.0	26.8	1.71	56,270,149	23.4	24.8	0.84†
≥$40,000	616,040	27.1	31.7	1.49	124,357,712	56.8	50.1	0.70†
Employment
No	904,828	41.3	45.1	Reference	69,644,719	24.4	34.9	Reference
Yes	1,187,994	58.7	54.9	0.86	163,674,416	75.6	65.1	0.60†
Education
<High school	455,229	23.6	19.9	Reference	30,174,070	13.3	12.6	Reference
High school or equivalent	733,136	39.0	31.2	0.95	59,947,543	26.8	24.7	0.97
Some college	714,840	28.9	39.3	1.62	77,130,322	31.3	34.7	1.17†
≥Bachelor’s degree	189,616	8.5	9.7	1.36	66,067,200	28.7	28.0	1.03
Insurance coverage∥
Private (%)	798,190	32.9	43.3	1.55	135,283,214	57.8	58.2	1.02
Medicare (%)	600,790	26.3	31.1	1.26	49,704,734	20.2	22.4	1.14†
Medicaid (%)	525,835	25.7	24.6	0.94	23,698,278	7.3	12.8	1.87†
Other¶ (%)	788,982	33.4	42.0	1.45	104,700,513	44.9	44.9	1.00
Self-reported pain
Never	398,176	18.5	19.6	Reference	135,770,032	60.9	55.8	Reference
A little bit or moderately	753,534	36.1	36.0	0.94	73,125,412	29.8	32.8	1.20†
Quite a bit or extremely	941,112	45.5	44.5	0.92	24,303,116	9.4	11.4	1.33†
Urbanity
Rural	441,944	14.9	27.3	Reference	49,585,999	21.1	21.4	Reference
Urban	1,650,878	85.1	72.7	0.47*	183,733,136	78.9	78.6	0.98

^*<0.05.

^†<0.001.

^‡Indicates Native American or Asian.

^§Indicates living with partner/being widowed, divorced or separated.

^∥Indicates that each insurance type has a response of yes or no.

^¶Indicates public health insurance programs other than Medicare and Medicaid.