Ray 2018.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: prospective cohort study (United Kingdom Register of Prostate Embolization) Setting/country: multicenter/UK Dates when study was conducted: July 2014 to January 2016
Participants	Inclusion criteria: men with LUTS who had consented to undergo PAE, TURP, open prostatectomy, or holmium enucleation of the prostate at 1 of the United Kingdom Register of Prostate Embolization collaborating centers; were able to read, write, and understand English; and were capable of giving informed written consent Exclusion criteria: men who were unable to read, write, or understand English; unable/unwilling to provide informed written consent Total number of participants analyzed: 305 Group A (PAE) Number of all participants analyzed: 216 Age (years): 66 (SD 7.4) Prostate volume (mL): 101.2 (SD 57.1) PSA (ng/mL): not reported IPSS: 21.3 (SD 6.7) Qmax (mL/second): 8.8 (SD 4.7) Group B (TURP) Number of all participants analyzed: 89 (45 monopolar, 44 bipolar) Age (years): 70 (SD 7.5) Prostate volume (mL): 68.7 (SD 9.2) PSA (ng/mL): not reported IPSS: 21.63 (SD 5.8) Qmax (mL/second): 10.36 (SD 6.3)
Interventions	Group A: PAE Group B: monopolar and bipolar TURP Follow‐up: 12 months
Outcomes	Primary outcome IPSS changes at 12 months How measured: IPSS questionnaire Time points measured: at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months Time points reported: at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months Secondary outcomes IPSS changes at 12 months (non‐inferiority)/IIEF How measured: IPSS questionnaire/IIEF questionnaire Time points measured: at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months Time points reported: at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months Prostate volume/urinary flow studies (only for PAE group) How measured: not reported/flow study Time points measured: at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months Time points reported: at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months Safety outcomes: adverse events How measured: Clavien Dindo Classification (by patients and clinicians) and retreatment (not defined in the methods section) Time points measured: at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months (by mail)/within 12 months and after 12 months Time points reported: likely cumulative incidence Subgroup: none
Funding sources	Cook Medical, British Society of Interventional Radiologists, and British Association of Urological Surgeons. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence funded an independent academic unit (the Cardiff and Vale UHB/Cardiff University‐based unit, Cedar) to run the registry through a competitive tender.
Declarations of interest	The study included the coauthors who worked part‐time as a Consultant Clinical Advisor to the Interventional Procedures Programme at NICE and held a Consultant Contract with Boston Scientific, Terumo, Cook Medical, and Celonova. 1 coauthor was President of British Association of Urological Surgeons for 2014–2016.
Notes	Protocol: NCT02434575 Language of publication: English