Table 2.

Relationships Between LAE and Cognitive Domains Using Conditional Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Models Adjusted for Covariates

	Global cognitive performance		Memory		Language		Visuospatial function
	n = 4,463		n = 4,412		n = 4,105		n = 4,363
Types of relationships	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Autoregressive associations
Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change	0.025	0.017 to 0.033	0.028	0.018 to 0.038	0.010	0.004 to 0.016	0.013	0.005 to 0.021
Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE	−0.015	−0.023 to −0.007	−0.016	−0.024 to −0.008	−0.015	−0.023 to −0.007	−0.016	−0.024 to −0.008
Cross-lagged associations
Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE	0.013	−0.001 to 0.027	0.010	0.000 to 0.020	0.000	−0.014 to 0.014	0.013	−0.003 to 0.029
Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition	0.001	−0.003 to 0.005	0.003	−0.005 to 0.011	−0.002	−0.006 to 0.002	−0.003	−0.007 to 0.001
Correlations
Initial cognition → Initial LAE	0.055	0.045 to 0.065	0.058	0.042 to 0.074	0.064	0.052 to 0.076	0.047	0.035 to 0.059
Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.000	0.000 to 0.000

Notes: LAE = leisure activity engagement; CI = confidence interval. Adjusted by baseline age, education in years, sex (female vs. male), enrollment year, race/ethnicity, occupation, baseline chronic disease sum score, and baseline income. Bolded results signify that the 95% CIs do not overlap with 0. Overall LAE scores have been standardized to baseline mean and standard deviation.