Table 3.

Relationships Between Overall LAE and Cognitive Domains Using Conditional Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Models by Baseline Cognitive Status

	Global cognitive performance		Memory		Language		Visuospatial function
Types of relationships	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Baseline MCI only (n = 1,017)
Autoregressive associations
Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change	0.055	0.028 to 0.082	0.031	0.007 to 0.055	0.009	−0.011 to 0.029	0.022	−0.003 to 0.047
Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE	−0.032	−0.052 to −0.012	−0.032	−0.054 to −0.01	−0.032	−0.052 to −0.012	−0.032	−0.052 to −0.012
Cross-lagged associations
Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE	0.030	−0.019 to 0.079	0.010	−0.017 to 0.037	0.018	−0.019 to 0.055	0.017	−0.020 to 0.054
Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition	0.001	−0.013 to 0.015	0.010	−0.008 to 0.028	0.000	−0.012 to 0.012	−0.010	−0.022 to 0.002
Correlations
Initial cognition → Initial LAE	0.032	0.012 to 0.052	0.056	0.021 to 0.091	0.021	−0.004 to 0.046	0.026	0.001 to 0.051
Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001
Cognitively normal at baseline only (n = 3,392)
Autoregressive associations
Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change	0.030	0.020 to 0.040	0.033	0.021 to 0.045	0.017	0.009 to 0.025	0.018	0.008 to 0.028
Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE	−0.011	−0.021 to −0.001	−0.011	−0.021 to −0.001	−0.010	−0.020 to 0.000	−0.011	−0.021 to −0.001
Cross-lagged associations
Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE	0.015	−0.003 to 0.033	0.013	−0.001 to 0.027	−0.004	−0.022 to 0.014	0.017	−0.021 to 0.019
Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition	0.000	−0.006 to 0.006	0.001	−0.007 to 0.009	−0.002	−0.008 to 0.004	−0.001	0.037 to 0.049
Correlations
Initial cognition → Initial LAE	0.049	0.039 to 0.059	0.043	0.027 to 0.059	0.061	0.049 to 0.073	0.043	0.031 to 0.055
Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.001	0.001 to 0.001	0.000	0.000 to 0.000

Notes: LAE = leisure activity engagement; CI = confidence interval; MCI = mild cognitive impairment. Adjusted by baseline age, education in years, sex (female vs. male), enrollment year, race/ethnicity, occupation, baseline chronic disease sum score, and baseline income. Bolded results signify that the 95% CIs do not overlap with 0. Overall LAE scores have been standardized to baseline mean and standard deviation.