Table 4.
Relationships Between Components of LAE and Cognitive Domains Using Conditional Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Models
| Global cognitive performance | Memory | Language | Visuospatial function | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4,463 | n = 4,412 | n = 4,105 | n = 4,363 | |||||
| Types of relationships | Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI |
| Intellectual subscale | ||||||||
| Autoregressive associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change | 0.026 | 0.016 to 0.036 | 0.028 | 0.018 to 0.038 | 0.012 | 0.000 to 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.003 to 0.027 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE | −0.025 | −0.035 to −0.015 | −0.025 | −0.035 to −0.015 | −0.024 | −0.036 to −0.012 | −0.026 | −0.038 to −0.014 |
| Cross-lagged associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE | 0.025 | 0.015 to 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.018 to 0.038 | 0.010 | 0.000 to 0.020 | 0.012 | 0.002 to 0.022 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition | −0.025 | −0.035 to −0.015 | −0.026 | −0.036 to −0.016 | −0.024 | −0.036 to −0.012 | −0.026 | −0.036 to −0.016 |
| Correlations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Initial LAE | 0.051 | 0.041 to 0.061 | 0.038 | 0.022 to 0.054 | 0.055 | 0.043 to 0.067 | 0.057 | 0.045 to 0.069 |
| Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 |
| Physical subscale | ||||||||
| Autoregressive associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change | 0.025 | 0.015 to 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.018 to 0.038 | 0.010 | 0.000 to 0.020 | 0.012 | 0.002 to 0.022 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE | −0.025 | −0.035 to −0.015 | −0.026 | −0.036 to −0.016 | −0.024 | −0.036 to −0.012 | −0.026 | −0.036 to −0.016 |
| Cross-lagged associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE | 0.002 | −0.014 to 0.018 | −0.004 | −0.016 to 0.008 | 0.001 | −0.013 to 0.015 | 0.008 | −0.008 to 0.024 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition | 0.002 | −0.004 to 0.008 | 0.003 | −0.007 to 0.013 | 0.003 | −0.003 to 0.009 | 0.000 | −0.006 to 0.006 |
| Correlations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Initial LAE | 0.025 | 0.015 to 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.013 to 0.045 | 0.023 | 0.011 to 0.035 | 0.018 | 0.006 to 0.03 |
| Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 |
| Social subscale | ||||||||
| Autoregressive associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of cognitive change | 0.025 | 0.015 to 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.018 to 0.038 | 0.011 | 0.001 to 0.021 | 0.012 | 0.002 to 0.022 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in LAE | −0.011 | −0.019 to −0.003 | −0.011 | −0.019 to −0.003 | −0.012 | −0.022 to −0.002 | −0.012 | −0.02 to −0.004 |
| Cross-lagged associations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Rate of change in LAE | 0.016 | 0.000 to 0.032 | 0.014 | 0.002 to 0.026 | 0.005 | −0.009 to 0.019 | 0.014 | −0.002 to 0.03 |
| Initial LAE → Rate of change in cognition | 0.002 | −0.002 to 0.006 | 0.003 | −0.003 to 0.009 | −0.001 | −0.005 to 0.003 | −0.001 | −0.005 to 0.003 |
| Correlations | ||||||||
| Initial cognition → Initial LAE | 0.036 | 0.026 to 0.046 | 0.041 | 0.025 to 0.057 | 0.042 | 0.028 to 0.056 | 0.023 | 0.011 to 0.035 |
| Rate of cognitive change → Rate of change in LAE | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 |
Notes: LAE = leisure activity engagement; CI = confidence interval. Adjusted by baseline age, education in years, sex (female vs. male), enrollment year, race/ethnicity, occupation, baseline chronic disease sum score, and baseline income. Bolded results signify that the 95% CIs do not overlap with 0. All LAE measures have been standardized to baseline mean and standard deviation.