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. 2022 Mar 11;10:841831. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831

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Copyright © 2022 Hickman, Rathan-Kumar and Peck.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Embryonic and early formation of the intervertebral disc (IVD). (A) Embryonic tissues and cell sources that play a role in forming the spinal column. Right panel is a cross-sectional view of the blue cut plane indicated in the embryo in the left panel. (B) Sclerotome and somite condensation in formation of vertebral bodies and the annulus fibrosus. Notochord condenses into distinct bulges along the long axis where the NP will form. The AF tissue surrounds the forming NP over time and the VBs section off in between the individual IVDs. NT, neural tube; IVD, intervertebral disc; VB, vertebral body; AF, annulus fibrosus; NC, notochord; NP, nucleus pulposus.