TABLE 2.
Summary of clinical trials for IVD treatment.
| Trial ID | Start Year | Status | Location | Summary | Enrollment* | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01124006 | 2010 | Completed in 2014 | United States | Intradiscal injection of recombinant human GDF-5 in early IDD. Showed improvement in certain parameters | 24 | |
| NCT01158924 | 2010 | Completed in 2014 | Australia | Intradiscal injection of recombinant human GDF-5 in early IDD. | 40 | |
| NCT01182337 | 2010 | Completed in 2014 | South Korea | Intradiscal injection of recombinant human GDF-5 in early IDD. | 31 | |
| NCT01290367 | 2011 | Completed in 2015 | United States | Intradiscal injection of 2 doses of allogenic adult MPCs in hyaluronic acid | 100 | |
| NCT01513694 | 2010 | Completed in 2017 | Spain | Implantation of tricalcium phosphate embedded MSCs. VAS and ODI scores improved and 80% of patients achieved lumbar fusion. The procedure is feasible, safe, and potentially effective | 15 | Blanco et al. (2019) |
| NCT01771471 | 2012 | Terminated | United States | Intradiscal delivery of juvenile chondrocytes in fibrin carrier | 44 | |
| NCT01860417 | 2013 | Completed in 2017 | Spain | Intradiscal injection of allogenic MSCs. Showed significant improvement in algofunctional indices and degeneration | 25 | Noriega et al. (2017) |
| NCT02097862 | 2014 | Completed in 2017 | United States | Intradiscal injection of ASCs. Patients showed improvements in various parameters | 15 | Comella et al. (2017) |
| NCT02205138 | 2014 | Competed in 2021 | Belgium | Administration of allogenic osteoblastic cells with ceramic scaffold into lumbar fusion site | 38 | |
| NCT02338271 | 2015 | Status unknown | South Korea | Injection of autologous ASCs with hyaluronic acid derivatives | 10 | |
| NCT02379689 | 2014 | Status unknown | United States | Intradiscal injection of placental tissue extract | 30 | |
| NCT02529566 | 2013 | Unknown | United States | Tissue grafting of human MSCs | 100 | |
| NCT03340818 | 2018 | Unknown | United States | Intradiscal injection of autologous BM concentrate | 60 | |
| NCT03347708 | 2018 | Ongoing | United States | Intradiscal injection of 2 doses of discogenic cells in Sodium Hyaluronate | 60 | |
| NCT03390920 | 2022 | Unknown | United States | Use of amniotic fluid tissue product in IDD | 200 | |
| NCT03461458 | 2018 | 2021 | United States | Intradiscal injection of autologous ASCs | 1 | |
| NCT03692221 | 2019 | Ongoing | United States | Image guided percutaneous needle injection of autologous BM-MSCs | 24 | |
| NCT03737461 | 2019 | Ongoing | France | Intradiscal injection of allogenic adult BM-MSCs | 113 | |
| NCT03827096 | 2013 | Completed in 2016 | Czech Republic | Injection of autologous human MSCs with beta-tricalcium phosphate | 10 | |
| NCT03912454 | 2019 | Ongoing | United States | Intradiscal injection of BM aspirate concentrate | 20 | |
| NCT04414592 | 2020 | Ongoing | China | Grafting human UC- MSCs into degenerated disc | 20 | |
| NCT04499105 | 2017 | Ongoing | Indonesia | Implantation of allogenic UC-MSCs | 10 | |
| NCT04559295 | 2018 | Ongoing | United States | Intradiscal injection of BM concentrate | 80 | |
| NCT04621799 | 2018 | Ongoing | United States | Intra-annular injections of non-autologous fibrin | 400 | |
| NCT04727385 | 2020 | Ongoing | France | DXM microgel injection into IVD space | 20 | |
| NCT04735185 | 2022 | Unknown | United States | Comparison of intradiscal autologous BM-MSCs and intradiscal steroids | 106 | |
| NCT04759105 | 2020 | Ongoing | Italy | Intradiscal injection of autologous BM-MSCs | 52 | |
| NCT04816747 | 2021 | Ongoing | Greece | Intradiscal and intra-articular injection of Platelet-rich plasma | 50 | |
| NCT04849429 | 2021 | Ongoing | India | Intradiscal injection of Exosome-enriched Platelet-rich Plasma | 30 | |
| NCT05011474 | 2021 | Ongoing | South Korea | Implantation of Matrillin-3 pretreated ASC spheroids in lumbar discs | 4 | |
| NCT05066334 | 2021 | Ongoing | Italy | Intradiscal injection of autologous BM-MSCs | 52 | |
| NCT05146583 | 2021 | Ongoing | United States | Intradiscal injection of autologous BM aspirate | 60 |
*Estimated enrollment for ongoing studies.
VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, oswestry disability index; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; ASC, adipose-derived stem cells; BM, bone marrow; UC, umbilical cord; DXM, double cross-linked; MPC, mesenchymal precursor cells; IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration.