Properties of extracted candlenut lipids and candlenut biodiesel.
| Property | scCO2 extracted candlenut oil | Candlenut biodiesel | Jatropha biodiesel4 | Caster biodiesel46 | Jojoba biodiesel47 | ASTM 6751 | EN14214 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (kg m−3) @ 15 °C | 914 ± 5 | 871 ± 6 | 879 | 946 | 871 | — | 860–900 |
| Viscosity (mm2 s−1) | 25.8 ± 3 | 4.8 ± 2 | 4.84 | 15.4 | 5.86 | 1.9–6 | 3.5–5 |
| Pour point (oC) | 2 ± 0.08 | −2.3 ± 0.1 | 3 | −30 | −6 | −15 to 16 | — |
| Cloud point (oC) | 10 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 2.8 | −18 | −2 | −3 to 12 | — |
| Moisture content (%) | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.053 | >0.03 | >0.05 |
| Iodine number gI2/100 g | 122 ± 2 | 130 ± 2 | — | 78.21 | 74.7 | — | 120 max |
| Cetane number | — | 51 ± 1 | 51 | 43.7 | — | >47 | 51 |
| Acid value (mg KOH per g) oil | 15.8 ± 1.2 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.22 | 0.5 max | 0.5 max |
| FFAs (%) | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.15 | 1.4 | 0.11 | ||
| Saponification value (mg KOH per g) | 172 ± 2 | 187 ± 1.5 | — | ||||
| Peroxide value (meq kg−1) | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | — | ||||
| Calorific value (MJ kg−1) | 42 ± 2 | 42.3 ± 1.2 | 38.5 | 38.3 | 42.8 | — | 35 |