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. 2022 Mar 4;39(3):msac048. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac048

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — Synonymous genetic diversity ( $π_{S}$ ) across the sampling range. $π_{S}$ has a mean value of 0.009 (range 0.002–0.021), with a clear pattern of decreasing genetic diversity in moving from Southeastern Europe and the Middle East to Northern and Western Europe.