. 2022 Mar 29;92(6):1805–1814. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02029-4

Table 2.

Cytokine and chemokine levels of MIS-C, severe/critical COVID-19 and healthy controls.

Cytokine/chemokine levels (pg/mL)	MIS-C	Severe/critical COVID-19	Healthy controls	P
Cytokine levels, median (min–max)
IL-1β	83.61 (0–23,573)	104.67 (0–20,940)	49.13 (0–743)	0.151*
IFN-α	21.67 (0–94.49)	12.68 (4.68–53.83)	6.98 (2.43–25.41)	0.019*
				1^a
				0.015^b
				0.348^c
IFN-γ	45.88 (4.56–1053)	26.45 (0–188.18)	8.33 (1.89–39.78)	0.001*
				0.332^a
				0.001^b
				0.378^c
TNF-α	30.35 (0–1050)	29.98 (0–5732)	10.74 (0–200.79)	0.568*
IL-6	277.77 (8.38–43459)	68.6 (18–43,459)	21.99 (2.92–1297)	0.002*
				1^a
				0.001^b
				0.111^c
IL-10	69.48 (13.56–1318)	112.98 (17.61–1354)	14.46 (0–40)	<0.001*
				1^a
				<0.001^b
				0.001^c
IL-12p70	7.83 (0–80.61)	3.85 (0–31.69)	5.72 (0–18.11)	0.488*
IL-17A	3.53 (0.22–16.99)	1.47 (0–8.91)	0.67 (0–6.16)	0.002*
				0.004^a
				0.091^b
				1^c
IL-18	4048 (887.18–27,009)	1278 (311.28–20,706)	666.8 (299.3–1779)	<0.001*
				0.014^a
				<0.001^b
				0.411^c
IL-23	37.16 (3.27–297.73)	16 (2.64–66.58)	7.02 (0–54.01)	0.016*
				0.521^a
				0.015^b
				0.788^c
IL-33	63.37 (0–428.65)	43.635 (0–98.61)	16.08 (0–48.08)	0.014*
				0.613^a
				0.013^b
				0.613^c
Chemokine levels, median (min–max)
IL-8/CXCL8	3413 (8.31–46214)	1897.5 (77.35–38,804)	116.79 (0–26,173)	0.024*
				1^a
				0.02^b
				0.234
IP-10/CXCL10	1722 (179.15–6137)	912.61 (250.12–3130)	215.35 (123.96–396.45)	<0.001*
				1^a
				<0.001^b
				0.010^c
MCP-1/CCL2	1548 (279.57–28,045)	1184 (505.18–31,369)	893.33 (477.73–1101)	0.029*
				1^a
				0.032^b
				0.105^c
EOTOXIN/CCL11	234.26 (87.5–736.88)	194.05 (74.25–667.74)	219.07 (100.08–452.04)	0.849*
TARC/CCL17	645.35 (54.9–6637)	297.12 (98.46–1376)	766.7 (321.7–1897)	0.173*
MIP-1α/CCL3	139.2 (0–73,363)	203.33 (25.63–73,363)	15.05 (0–2112)	0.080*
MIP-1 β/CCL4
	115.7 (22.35–1507)	164.56 (9.13–4392)	44.54 (13.26–406.36)	0.126
MIG/CXCL9
	2029 (287.36–4244)	271.9 (130.62–2926)	382.81 (249.06–3035)	<0.001*
				<0.001^a
				0.005^b
				1^c
ENA78/CXCL5
	643 (112.96–6372)	557.32 (79.74–1918)	1209 (467.16–1875)	0.098
MIP-3α/CCL20
	125.2 (24.75–876.54)	148.62 (9.78–2152)	41.81 (4.87–156.68)	0.007*
				1^a
				0.006^b
GRO-α/CXCL1				0.077^c
	532.56 (158.26–2540)	449.63 (109.96–1381)	370.46 (260.8–805.93)	0.262*
ITAC/CXCL11
	348.1 (52.9–6985)	147.54 (66.46–2110)	50.3 (24.06–124.47)	<0.001*
				0.081^a
				<0.001^b
				0.122^c

Statistically significant P values are in bold.

*P value for comparison of three groups.

^aP value of comparison in between MIS-C and severe COVID-19.

^bP value of comparison in between MIS-C and healthy control.

^cP value of comparison in between severe COVID-19 and healthy control.