TABLE 4.
Preventive and therapeutic antioxidant strategies for DE disease in animal models published between 2010 and 2019 were searched for “antioxidant” and “dry eye” in PubMed.
| Animal model | Study design; number of individuals | Treatment | Parameter studied | Benefit (yes/no) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rabbit | Experimental research | Poly (catechin) capped-gold nanoparticles carrying amfenac; ED | Ocular surface tissue damage | Yes | Li et al. (2019) |
| In vivo: mice | Case control study and experimental research | Manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin,ED | CFS, leukocyte infiltration into the LG and parenchymal tissue degeneration | Yes | Ziniauskaite et al. (2019) |
| In vitro: HCEC | |||||
| 6-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats | Case control study (n = 10/group) | Seleno protein P, ED, 5 or 50 mg/ml, 6 times per day for 3 weeks | CFS | Yes | Higuchi et al. (2010) |
| In vivo: six-week-old male Wistar rats | Case control study and experimental research | Polydatin, ED 0.05% or 0.5%, 3 times a day | TV, TFBUT, corneal irregularity, LGS, CFS, histology, immunohistochemistry | Yes | Park et al. (2019) |
| In vitro: HCC | |||||
| In vivo: seven-week-old male Wistar rats | Case control study and experimental research | Polygonumcuspidatum, orally administered 10, 100 or 250 mg/kg | TV, cornea irregularity, immunohistochemistry cell viability | Yes | Park et al. (2018) |
| In vitro: HCEC | |||||
| Six to eight-week-old C57BL/6 female mice | Case control study (n = 10/group) | 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1% plant extracts ED, 2 μL, 3 times a day, for 10 days | TV, TFBUT, CFS | Yes | Choi et al. (2016a) |
| Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats | Experimental research | 0.01, 0.1, or 1% Se-lactoferrin ED contained 1.8, 18, or 180 µM selenium, respectively, 4 times per day for 2 weeks | CFS | Yes | Higuchi et al. (2012) |
| Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats and albino rabbits | Case control study (n = 12/group) and experimental research (rabbits) | 0.1% Se-lactoferrin ED containing 18 μM selenium, 4 times per day for 5 days in mice | CFS | Yes | Higuchi et al. (2016a) |
| Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats | Case control study (n = 10/group) | 0.1, 1 and 10 µM of 2-hydroxy-estradiol | CFS, TV | Yes | Higuchi et al. (2016b) |
| Six to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice | Case control study (n = 5/group | 0.1% hyaluronic acid alone or mixed with 0.1, 0.5, or 5.0% mineral oil ED | TV, corneal irregularity score, TFBUT, and CFS | Yes | Choi et al. (2015) |
| Six-month-old male Fischer 344 rats | Case control study | Calorie restriction, 6 months | TV, histological examination, tear protein secretion stimulation test with Carbachol, and assessment of 8-OHdG and HNE antibodies | Yes | Kawashima et al. (2010) 24 |
| 6-month-old pigmented rabbits | Case control study | Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, 7.5 μM topical administration | CFS, histological analysis, ST, and TFBUT | Yes | Zernii et al. (2017) |
HCEC: human corneal epithelial cells; ED: eye drops; CFS: corneal fluorescein staining; HCC: human conjunctival cell; TFBUT: tear film breakup time; TV: tear volume; LGS: lissamine green staining; 8-OHdG: oxidative stress with 8-hydroxy-2, deoxyguanosine; HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; ST: Schirmer’s test.