Table 1.

Details of the items in the improved frailty index score.

Item	Method	Score
Weight loss	Baseline body weight (BW) was measured on 3 consecutive days before TMAO treatment, and means and SD of each group were calculated. BW was measured every 2 days during the 4-week model; the change in BW was calculated for each mouse.	The FIBW score for each mouse was defined as:
		0, if BW decreases ≦0
		0.25, if BW decreases <1/2 SD
		0.5, if BW decreases <1 SD
		0.75, if BW decreases <3/2 SD
		1, if BW decreases ≧3/2 SD
Weakness (muscle strength)	Baseline muscle strength (MS) was measured by the grip test on 3 consecutive days before TMAO treatment, and means and SD of each group were calculated. MS was measured every 2 days during the 4-week model; the change in MS was calculated for each mouse.	The FIMS score for each mouse was defined as:
		0, if MS decreases ≦0
		0.25, if MS decreases <1/2 SD
		0.5, if MS decreases <1 SD
		0.75, if MS decreases <3/2 SD
		1, if MS decreases ≧3/2 SD.
Walking speed	Baseline walking speed (WS) was measured by the Rota rod test on 3 consecutive days before TMAO treatment, and the means and SD of each group were calculated. WS was measured every 2 days during the 4-week model; the change in WS was calculated for each mouse.	The FIWS score for each mouse was defined as:
		0, if WS decreases ≦0
		0.25, if WS decreases <1/2 SD
		0.5, if WS decreases <1 SD
		0.75, if WS decreases <3/2 SD
		1, if WS decreases ≧3/2 SD.
Exercise Endurance	Baseline exercise endurance (EE) was measured by the Rota rod test on 3 consecutive days before TMAO treatment, and means and SD of each group were calculated. EE was measured every 2 days during the 4-week model; the change in EE was calculated for each mouse.	The FIEE score for each mouse was defined as:
		0, if EE decreases ≦0
		0.25, if EE decreases <1/2 SD
		0.5, if EE decreases <1 SD.
		0.75, if EE decreases <3/2 SD
		1, if EE decreases ≧3/2 SD.