Table 1.
General characteristics of patients upon initial assessment, by treatment arms.
| Items | All (N = 108) | OMT (N = 54) | ARNI (N = 54) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78.6 ± 8.2 | 78.6 ± 8.2 | 78.6 ± 8.2 | 1.000 |
| Male gender (%) | 75 | 75 | 75 | 1.000 |
| Body Mass Index (g/m2) | 27.1 ± 3.6 | 26.8 ± 2.7 | 27.3 ± 4.3 | 0.655 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23 ± 0.45 | 1.24 ± 0.45 | 1.23 ± 0.44 | 0.906 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 62.5 ± 23.4 | 63.8 ± 22.3 | 61.2 ± 24.6 | 0.571 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.0 ± 10.3 | 126.2 ± 8.9 | 123.8 ± 11.5 | 0.384 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.6 ± 10.1 | 75.2 ± 9.6 | 74.0 ± 10.6 | 0.638 |
| HR (bpm) | 66.7 ± 8.9 | 68.5 ± 9.1 | 65.1 ± 8.5 | 0.156 |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 115.1 ± 31.3 | 112.7 ± 28.5 | 115.4 ± 34.1 | 0.583 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 0.169 |
| Uricemia (mg/dL) | 6.3 ± 0.59 | 6.4 ± 0.58 | 6.2 ± 0.62 | 0.169 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 0.645 |
| Sodium (mg/dL) | 139.1 ± 6.8 | 141.2 ± 7.7 | 137.2 ± 5.3 | 0.025 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 12.8 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.7 | 0.319 |
| Cardiac parameters | ||||
| LVMI (kg/m2) | 152.2 ± 10.8 | 151.9 ± 9.5 | 152.4 ± 12.1 | 0.884 |
| EF (%) | 30.1 ± 5.1 | 29.8 ± 4.3 | 30.4 ± 5.4 | 0.462 |
| History of HF (years) | 13.4 ± 2.2 | 12.9 ± 2.5 | 13.8 ± 1.7 | 0.091 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 5437.4 ± 3450.5 | 5363.9 ± 3562.8 | 5503.1 ± 3402.5 | 0.878 |
| NYHA Class (%) | ||||
| II | 55.4 | 57.1 | 53.6 | 0.072 |
| III | 44.6 | 42.9 | 46.4 | 0.064 |
| CRT (%) | 14.3 | 10.7 | 17.9 | 0.583 |
| ICD (%) | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 0.627 |
| Concomitant treatment | ||||
| ACEIs (%) | 87.1 | 57.1 | 71.4 | 0.310 |
| ARBs (%) | 12.6 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 0.120 |
| Diuretics (%) | 92.5 | 94.4 | 90.7 | 0.642 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 71.4 | 67.9 | 75.0 | 0.384 |
| Mineralocorticoid antagonists (%) | 55.4 | 53.6 | 57.1 | 0.071 |
| Digitalis (%) | 32.1 | 28.6 | 35.7 | 0.388 |
| Concomitant conditions | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 72.2 | 70.3 | 74.1 | 0.202 |
| CKD (%) | 58.9 | 57.1 | 60.7 | 0.074 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 35.7 | 32.1 | 39.3 | 0.390 |
| COPD (%) | 42.0 | 32.5 | 48.1 | 0.226 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 35.7 | 32.1 | 39.3 | 0.390 |
| History of stroke (%) | 19.6 | 21.4 | 17.9 | 0.500 |
Values are percent of patients or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
OMT, optimal medical therapy; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; LVMI, left ventricle mass index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; EF, ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid antagonist; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.