Table 2.

Sarcopenia and functional evaluations before and after treatment within the group.

Parameters	Study group			Control group
Sarcopenic evaluations	Pre-Tx	Post-Tx	P-value	Pre-Tx	Post-Tx	P-value
Handgrip strength (kg)	12.13 ± 5.72	15.68 ± 6.22*	0.021	13.40 ± 12.43	15.19 ± 7.08	0.085
DEXA
SMI (kg/m2)	4.68 ± 0.66	4.79 ± 0.69*	0.023	4.73 ± 0.70	4.51 ± 0.74*	0.039
Est. VAT area	107.9 ± 46.76	108.41 ± 42.45	0.602	103.59 ± 34.98	104.85 ± 37.09	0.451
LBM
Affected upper extremity (g)	1,511.08 ± 325.73	1,518.37 ± 138.50*	0.037	1,609.74 ± 335.84	1,604.37 ± 362.78	0.901
Intact upper extremity (g)	1,595.53 ± 328.51	1,602.93 ± 308.72*	0.040	1,711.04 ± 330.64	1,736.22 ± 341.48	0.128
Affected lower extremity (g)	4,432.34 ± 860.63	4,462.43 ± 904.04*	0.001	4,724.41 ± 975.46	4,467.48 ± 409.12*	<0.001
Intact lower extremity (g)	4,494.71 ± 880.02	4,559.30 ± 930.14	0.257	4,913.93 ± 983.88	4,607.52 ± 571.61*	0.004
Functional evaluations	Pre-Tx	Post-Tx	P -value	Pre-Tx	Post-Tx	P -value
Activities of daily living: K-MBI	27.19 ± 15.40	42.48 ± 20.42*	<0.001	24.07 ± 13.61	37.33 ±17.52*	<0.001
Balance and gait - BBS	9.45 ± 12.74	24.67 ± 16.67*	<0.001	6.48 ± 5.94	16.89 ± 15.26*	<0.001
Gait function- FAC	1.70 ± 0.91	3.26 ± 1.31*	0.021	1.48 ± 0.70	2.81 ± 1.30*	0.030
Upper ext. function - MFT	15.07 ± 7.21	20.85 ±6.31*	<0.001	15.22 ± 7.78	19.15 ± 7.57*	0.041
Swallowing function -FDS	35.63 ± 15.30	23.26 ± 11.47*	<0.001	39.85 ± 12.43	28.78 ± 14.35*	<0.001
Swallowing function - PAS	5.67 ± 2.45	3.89 ± 2.40*	0.034	6.44 ±1.78	4.89 ± 1.97*	0.048
Feeding materials - DOSS	4.04 ± 1.74	5.22 ± 1.48*	<0.001	3.04 ±1.65	4.63 ± 1.47*	<0.001

Values are mean ± SD. DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; SMI, skeletal muscle index; LBM, lean body mass; K-MBI, Korean version of modified Barthel index; BBS, Berg balance scale; FAC, functional ambulatory category; MFT, manual function test; FDS, functional dysphagia scale; PAS, penetration aspiration scale; DOSS, dysphagia outcome and severity scale,

^*p < 0.05 according to paired t-test.