| Cell line (Cricetulus griseus) | 
ExpiCHO-S | 
Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. A29127 | 
  | 
| Cell line (Homo sapiens) | 
Expi293F | 
Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. A14527 | 
  | 
| Antibody | 
MAb362-IgG1(Human monoclonal) | 
PMID:32826914
 | 
  | 
ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
MAb362-IgA1(Human monoclonal) | 
PMID:32826914
 | 
  | 
ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
REGN10987(Mouse monoclonal) | 
This work and PMID:32540901
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’.ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
S309(Human monoclonal) | 
This work andPMID:32422645
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’.ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
CR3022(Human monoclonal) | 
This work and PMID:16796401
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’.ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
2G12(Human monoclonal) | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’.ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
4A8(Human monoclonal) | 
BioVision (Milpitas, CA) | 
Cat. No. A2269-100 | 
ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM), smFRET (see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’). | 
| Antibody | 
1A9(Mouse monoclonal) | 
GeneTex (Irvine, CA) | 
Cat. No. GTX632604 | 
ELISA (600 nM),FCS (600 nM),SmFRET: see Materials and methods section ‘smFRET imaging and data analysis’,WB (1:2000). | 
| Antibody | 
Anti-6x-His-tag(Rabbit polyclonal) | 
Invitrogen (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. PA1-983B | 
WB (1:2000). | 
| Antibody | 
HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG Fc(Rabbit polyclonal) | 
Invitrogen (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. 31455 | 
ELISA (1:5000), WB (1:5000). | 
| Antibody | 
HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG Fc(Goat polyclonal) | 
Invitrogen (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. A18823 | 
ELISA (1:10,000), WB (1:10,000). | 
| Antibody | 
HRP-conjugated anti-human kappa(Goat polyclonal) | 
SouthernBiotech (Birmingham, AL) | 
Cat. No. 2060–05 | 
ELISA (1:4000). | 
| Antibody | 
HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG(Goat polyclonal) | 
Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | 
ab205718 | 
WB (1:50,000). | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_ REGN10987-heavy_chain | 
This work and PMID:32540901
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_ REGN10987-light_chain | 
This work and PMID:32540901
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_S309-heavy_chain | 
This work andPMID:32422645
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_S309-light_chain | 
This work andPMID:32422645
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_CR3022-heavy_chain | 
This work and PMID:16796401
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1_CR3022-light_chain | 
This work and PMID:16796401
 | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Antibodies’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
Plasmid_2G12-heavy_chain | 
Peter D Kwong laboratory | 
  | 
  | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
Plasmid_2G12-light_chain | 
Peter D Kwong laboratory | 
  | 
  | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1 SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM (plasmid) | 
This work.GenScript (Piscataway, NJ) | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Plasmids and site-directed mutagenesis’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1 SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM 161/345A4 double-tagged (plasmid) | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Plasmids and site-directed mutagenesis’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1 SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM D614G (plasmid) | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Plasmids and site-directed mutagenesis’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pcDNA3.1 SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM D614G 161/345A4 double-tagged (plasmid) | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Plasmids and site-directed mutagenesis’. | 
| Recombinant DNA reagent | 
pCAGGS-ACE2-his (plasmid) | 
PMID:32991842
 | 
Addgene No. 158089 (Watertown, MA) | 
  | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Protein expression and purification’. | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM 161/345A4 double-tagged | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Protein expression and purification’. | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM D614G | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Protein expression and purification’. | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
SARS-CoV-2 SΔTM D614G 161/345A4 double-tagged | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Protein expression and purification’. | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
ACE2 | 
This work | 
  | 
See Materials and methods section ‘Protein expression and purification’. | 
| Peptide, recombinant protein | 
Acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS) | 
PMID:31952255
 | 
  | 
  | 
| Commercial assay, kit | 
Q5 Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit | 
New England Biolabs(Ipswich, MA) | 
Cat. No. E0554S | 
  | 
| Commercial assay, kit | 
Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay Kit | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. 23,236 | 
  | 
| Commercial assay, kit | 
SuperSignal West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent Substrate | 
Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. 34580 | 
  | 
| Commercial assay, kit | 
1-Step Ultra TBM-ELISA | 
Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. 34028 | 
  | 
| Chemical compound, drug | 
Cy5-conjugated n-hydroxysuccinimide ester | 
Cytiva (Marlborough, MA) | 
Cat. No. PA15100 | 
  | 
| Chemical compound, drug | 
Coenzyme A (CoA)-conjugated LD550 fluorophore | 
Lumidyne Technologies (New York, NY), | 
Cat. No. LD550-CS | 
  | 
| Chemical compound, drug | 
Coenzyme A (CoA)-conjugated LD650 fluorophore | 
Lumidyne Technologies (New York, NY), | 
Cat. No. LD650-CS | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
Micromanager | 
PMID:25606571micro-manager.org
 | 
v2.0 | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
SPARTAN | 
https://www.scottcblanchardlab.com/software and PMID:26878382
 | 
Version 3.7 | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA) | 
Mathworks (Natick, MA) | 
Version R2018b | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
Maximum point likelihood algorithm | 
PMID:11023897
 | 
  | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
GraphPad Prism | 
GraphPad Software(San Diego, CA) | 
Version 9.2.0 | 
  | 
| Software, algorithm | 
PyMOL software | 
The PyMOL Molecular Graphic System, Schrödinger Inc(New York, NY) | 
Version 2.0.7 | 
  | 
| Other | 
Pierce Protein G Agarose | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. 20398 | 
  | 
| Other | 
Ni-NTA Agarose | 
Invitrogen (Waltham, MA) | 
Cat. No. R901-15 | 
  | 
| Other | 
Superdex 200 Increase 10/300 GL column | 
GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL) | 
Cat. No. 28990944 | 
  | 
| Other | 
Gel Filtration Standard | 
Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA) | 
Cat. No. 1511901 | 
  | 
| Other | 
Synergy H1 microplate reader | 
BioTek (Winooski, VT) | 
  | 
  | 
| Other | 
Typhoon 9,410variable mode imager | 
GE Amersham Biosciences (Amersham, UK) | 
  | 
  | 
| Other | 
CorTector SX100 instrument | 
LightEdge Technologies(Beijing, China) | 
  | 
  | 
| Other | 
QuantaMaster 400 fluorimeter | 
Horiba (Kyoto, Japan) | 
  | 
  |