Table 4.

Gender and residence subgroup analysis of the mediation model of healthy aging vs. 45 and older parent satisfaction-mediated child exposure.

	Indirect effect	Direct effect	Total effect	Z	Sobel p-value	Proportion of total effect that is mediated %
Male
Daily CCT	0.002	0.027	0.029	1.404	0.160	8.55
Weekly CCT	0.011*	0.064	0.075	2.480	0.013*	15.08
Monthly CCT	0.019*	0.165	0.184	2.271	0.023*	10.12
Twice a year CCT	0.030*	0.244	0.275	2.238	0.025*	11.08
Female
Daily CCT	0.003	0.022	0.025	1.447	0.148	12.41
Weekly CCT	0.017***	0.060	0.078	3.610	< 0.001**	22.48
Monthly CCT	0.025**	0.371***	0.396***	2.885	0.004**	6.27
Twice a year CCT	0.016	0.309	0.325	1.300	0.194	4.83
Rural
Daily CCT	0.002	−0.005	−0.003	1.308	0.191	−80.70
Weekly CCT	0.013***	0.054	0.067	3.519	<0.001***	19.99
Monthly CCT	0.021**	0.337***	0.358***	3.093	<0.001***	5.98
Twice a year CCT	0.027**	0.363*	0.390**	2.631	0.009**	7.00
Urban
Daily CCT	0.004	0.070	0.074	1.580	0.114	5.54
Weekly CCT	0.018**	0.085	0.104	2.618	0.009**	17.71
Monthly CCT	0.027*	0.024	0.003	2.116	0.034*	949.19
Twice a year CCT	0.020	−0.043	−0.022	1.232	0.218	−91.11

CSF, Satisfaction with the relationship with children; CCT, contact with children; HAI, healthy aging Index. Sobel-Goodman mediation test in adjusted models for age, gender, hukou status, residence, education levels, public health insurance cover, current work status, smoking, alcohol intake, self-report of health, chronic condition, household per capita consumption, live near children, number of alive children, gave money to children, and received money from children. Values are bolded if they achieved statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05.

^* p < 0.05,

^** p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001.