TABLE 1.
General characteristics of participants (n = 16997).
| Variable | Total |
| Age, years () | 61.54 ± 9.44 |
| Gender (%) | |
| Male | 8151 (47.96) |
| Female | 8846 (52.04) |
| Education (%) | |
| Primary school or below | 10940 (64.36) |
| Middle school | 3838 (22.58) |
| High/vocational school | 1868 (10.99) |
| College degree or above | 351 (2.07) |
| Marital status (%) | |
| Married/cohabitated | 14701 (86.49) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed/never married | 2296 (13.51) |
| Residential area (%) | |
| Village | 12159 (71.54) |
| City/town | 4838 (28.46) |
| Geographic region (%) | |
| Eastern region | 5659 (33.29) |
| Central region | 5683 (33.44) |
| Western region | 5655 (33.27) |
| Disabilities (%) | |
| Yes | 5882 (34.61) |
| No | 11115 (65.39) |
| Chronic disease (%) | |
| Yes | 13656 (80.34) |
| No | 3341 (19.66) |
| Smoking (%) | |
| Yes | 7283 (42.85) |
| No | 9714 (57.15) |
| Drinking (%) | |
| Yes | 5938 (34.94) |
| No | 11059 (65.06) |
| BADL | |
| Yes | 2919 (17.17) |
| No | 14078 (82.83) |
| Depressive scores () | 8.71 ± 6.58 |
| Sleep duration () | 6.20 ± 1.95 |
BADL, basic activities of the daily living.