Table 1.
Comparison of basic characteristic between the MRI-abnormal and MRI-normal groups.
| Characteristic | All (N = 52) | MRI-abnormal (N = 37) | MRI-normal (N = 15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, (mean ± SD) | 37.15 ± 12.97 | 39.00 ± 13.91 | 32.60 ± 9.09 | 0.058 |
| Male | 35 (67.31) | 22 (59.46) | 13 (86.67) | 0.046 |
| GCS score | 0.011 | |||
| 13–15 | 28 (53.85) | 24 (64.86) | 4 (26.67) | |
| 5–12 | 22 (42.31) | 11 (29.73) | 11 (73.33) | |
| 3–4 | 2 (3.85) | 2 (5.41) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Autoimmune diseases history, (%) | 5 (9.62) | 4 (10.81) | 1 (6.67) | 0.100 |
| Abnormal EEG | 22 (42.31) | 22 (59.46) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001 |
| CSF detection | ||||
| White cell count per mm3, (mean ± SD) | 29.48 ± 50.50 | 24.33 ± 7.37 | 31.57 ± 59.80 | 0.474 |
| Protein concentration, mg/dL, (mean ± SD) | 0.57 ± 0.58 | 0.48 ± 0.62 | 0.61± 0.57 | 0.462 |
| Positive antibody in CSF, (%) | 52 (100.00) | 37(100.00) | 15(100.00) | NA |
| Positive antibody in serum, (%) | 13 (25.00) | 8 (21.62) | 5 (33.33) | 0.377 |
| ICU admission | 20 (38.46) | 13 (35.14) | 7 (46.67) | 0.720 |
| Central hypoventilation | 11 (21.15) | 7 (18.92) | 4 (26.67) | 0.749 |
| Days of immunotherapy from disease onset, (mean ± SD) | 25.56 ± 18.99 | 23.16 ± 16.76 | 27.19 ± 21.12 | 0.415 |
| First-line therapy, (%) | ||||
| Steroids alone | 8 (15.38) | 2 (5.41) | 6 (40.00) | 0.005 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin alone | 9 (17.31) | 8 (21.62) | 1 (6.67) | 0.257 |
| Combination | 35(66.04) | 27(72.97) | 8(53.33) | 0.171 |
| Second-line therapy, (%) | ||||
| Rituximab | 2 (3.85) | 2 (5.41) | 0 (0.00) | 0.100 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 6 (11.54) | 4 (10.81) | 2 (13.33) | 0.873 |
GCS score, Glasgow coma scale; anti-NMDAR, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; EEG, electroencephalography; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ICU, intensive care unit. IQR, interquartile range.