Table 3.
Coping strategies adopted by the study participants
| Variable | Mean ± SD | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-distraction | Active coping | Denial | Substance use | Emotional support | Informational support | Behavioral disengagement | Venting | Positive reframing | Planning | Humor | Acceptance | Religion | Self-blame | |
| Overall | 4.41 ± 1.53 | 4.59 ± 1.69 | 3.03 ± 1.23 | 2.59 ± 1.06 | 4.18 ± 1.79 | 4.48 ± 1.89 | 3.03 ± 1.49 | 3.74 ± 1.53 | 4.54 ± 1.62 | 4.91 ± 1.85 | 3.12 ± 1.43 | 5.59 ± 1.55 | 5.98 ± 1.73 | 2.90 ± 1.29 |
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| Young adulthood | 4.43 ± 1.55 | 4.60 ± 1.69 | 3.02 ± 1.23 | 2.57 ± 1.04 | 4.18 ± 1.79 | 4.48 ± 1.89 | 3.05 ± 1.52 | 3.77 ± 1.54 | 4.53 ± 1.63 | 4.93 ± 1.83 | 3.11 ± 1.43 | 5.60 ± 1.55 | 6.00 ± 1.74 | 2.93 ± 1.28* |
| Middle age | 4.05 ± 1.19 | 4.30 ± 1.63 | 3.10 ± 1.25 | 2.95 ± 1.36 | 4.15 ± 1.87 | 4.35 ± 1.87 | 2.70 ± 0.92 | 3.20 ± 1.32 | 4.60 ± 1.63 | 4.40 ± 2.26 | 3.30 ± 1.49 | 5.40 ± 1.54 | 5.75 ± 1.55 | 2.45 ± 0.95 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 4.49 ± 1.56 | 4.71 ± 1.63 | 2.92 ± 1.23 | 2.54 ± 1.05 | 4.01 ± 1.75 | 4.32 ± 1.82 | 2.87 ± 1.32* | 3.54 ± 1.47* | 4.62 ± 1.70 | 4.89 ± 1.85 | 3.18 ± 1.47 | 5.62 ± 1.62 | 5.71 ± 1.72† | 2.85 ± 1.31 |
| Female | 4.34 ± 1.51 | 4.48 ± 1.73 | 3.12 ± 1.22 | 2.63 ± 1.06 | 4.33 ± 1.82 | 4.61 ± 1.94 | 3.17 ± 1.61 | 3.92 ± 1.57 | 4.47± 1.56 | 4.93 ± 1.86 | 3.07 ± 1.40 | 5.57 ± 1.49 | 6.22 ± 1.71 | 2.95 ± 1.23 |
| Occupation | ||||||||||||||
| Doctor | 4.52 ± 1.57* | 4.60 ± 1.65 | 2.81 ± 1.19¥ | 2.41 ± 0.87† | 4.08 ± 1.80* | 4.33 ± 1.87 | 2.84 ± 1.32* | 3.66 ± 1.51 | 4.57 ± 1.70 | 4.81 ± 1.86 | 3.09 ± 1.42 | 5.71 ± 1.54 | 5.90 ± 1.63 | 2.91 ± 1.33 |
| Nurse | 4.13 ± 1.40 | 4.40 ± 1.79 | 3.35 ± 1.26 | 2.84 ± 1.25 | 4.49 ± 1.87 | 4.76 ± 1.92 | 3.24 ± 1.72 | 3.90 ± 1.58 | 4.49 ± 1.48 | 5.09 ± 1.88 | 3.24 ± 1.48 | 5.34 ± 1.49 | 6.15 ± 1.83 | 2.96 ± 1.16 |
| Pharmacist | 4.65 ± 1.60 | 4.93 ± 1.54 | 3.03 ± 1.13 | 2.62 ± 1.02 | 3.83 ± 1.50 | 4.35 ± 1.87 | 3.23 ± 1.44 | 3.67 ± 1.49 | 4.55 ± 1.68 | 4.83 ± 1.76 | 2.97 ± 1.38 | 5.75 ± 1.66 | 5.92 ± 1.85 | 2.77 ± 1.28 |
| Experience | ||||||||||||||
| ≤ 5 years | 4.45 ± 1.56 | 4.56 ± 1.65 | 2.99 ± 1.25 | 2.53 ± 1.04 | 4.08 ± 1.71 | 4.47 ± 1.93* | 3.00 ± 1.39 | 3.75 ± 1.54 | 4.54 ± 1.65 | 4.87 ± 1.83 | 3.16 ± 1.47 | 5.59 ± 1.54 | 5.93 ± 1.71 | 2.95 ± 1.32 |
| 6-10 years | 4.34 ± 1.50 | 4.78 ± 1.84 | 3.16 ± 1.17 | 2.74 ± 1.08 | 4.45 ± 2.02 | 4.48 ± 1.79 | 3.22 ± 1.87 | 3.73 ± 1.48 | 4.43 ± 1.56 | 5.09 ± 1.90 | 2.97 ± 1.29 | 5.66 ± 1.55 | 6.10 ± 1.85 | 2.79 ± 1.12 |
| > 10 years | 4.11 ± 1.24 | 4.16 ± 1.54 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 2.95 ± 1.13 | 4.68 ± 2.03 | 4.53 ± 1.71 | 2.79 ± 1.31 | 3.68 ± 1.67 | 4.89 ± 1.49 | 4.74 ± 2.05 | 3.05 ± 1.43 | 5.42 ± 1.71 | 6.32 ± 1.57 | 2.63 ± 1.07 |
*P < 0.05; † P < 0.01; ¥ P < 0.001.