Table 2.
Univariate logistic regression comparing pregnancy outcomes in different paternal BMI groups by using forward stepwise.
| Underweight (BMI <18.5) | Normal (BMI = 18.5~23.9) | Overweight (BMI = 24.0~27.9) | Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) | P value for trend b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Incidence (%) | 17.4 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 0.821 |
| P a | 0.221 | Reference | 0.438 | 0.112 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 1.264 (0.868-1.841) | 1 | 1.055 (0.921-1.210) | 1.188 (0.961-1.469) | ||
| ICP | Incidence (%) | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.851 |
| P a | 0.569 | Reference | 0.627 | 0.690 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 1.523 (0.358-6.474) | 1 | 1.153 (0.649-2.049) | 0.806 (0.280-2.323) | ||
| Preeclampsia | Incidence (%) | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 0.001* |
| P a | 0.484 | Reference | 0.107 | <0.001* | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 1.350 (0.582-3.127) | 1 | 1.286 (0.947-1.747) | 2.129 (1.425-3.181) | ||
| Premature birth | Incidence (%) | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 0.745 |
| P a | 0.925 | Reference | 0.603 | 0.415 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 1.036 (0.501-2.141) | 1 | 1.068 (0.833-1.369) | 0.833 (0.537-1.293) | ||
| SGA | Incidence (%) | 18.9 | 2.9 | 3 | 8.5 | <0.001* |
| P a | <0.001* | – | 0.806 | <0.001* | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 7.848 (5.257-11.717) | Reference | 0.806 (1.036-0.779) | 3.113 (2.264-4.282) | ||
| Macrosomia | Incidence (%) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 6.6 | <0.001* |
| P a | 0.601 | – | <0.001* | <0.001* | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 0.785 (0.317-1.943) | Reference | 1.872 (1.473-2.379) | 2.180 (1.552-3.061) | ||
| Cesarean delivery | Incidence (%) | 39.8 | 41.8 | 46.2 | 47.8 | <0.001* |
| P a | 0.580 | Reference | <0.001* | 0.002* | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 0.921 (0.690-1.231) | 1 | 1.199 (1.088-1.321) | 1.274 (1.089-1.489) | ||
| Neonatal asphyxia | Incidence (%) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.433 |
| P a | 0.884 | Reference | 0.462 | 0.542 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 0.862 (0.116-6.424) | 1 | 0.772 (0.388-1.536) | 0.687 (0.205-2.300) | ||
| Postpartum hemorrhage | Incidence (%) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.178 |
| P a | 0.601 | Reference | 0.879 | 0.046* | ||
| OR (95%CI) | 1.728 (0.222-13.452) | 1 | 1.071 (0.443-2.588) | 2.765 (1.019-7.500) | ||
BMl, body mass index; GDM, gestional diabetes mellitude; ICP, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; SGA, small for gestational age; OR, odds ratio;95% CI, 95% confidence interval of the estimated trend.
a
The p-values taken from univariate logistic regression compared with the referent (normal BMI).
b
P values for trend across categories of different paternal BMI.
*P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.