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. 2022 Mar 14;13:833242. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833242

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Copyright © 2022 Nemkov, Yoshida, Nikulina and D’Alessandro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Isotope tracing analysis to disentangle glycolysis vs. pentose phosphate pathway utilization. (A) The labeling scheme of ¹³C_1,2-Glucose is shown, which depicts the relative contribution of ¹³C₂-lactate and ¹³C₁-lactate to the total lactate pool by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, respectively. (B) The relative levels (in peak area, arbitrary units) of ¹³C₂-Glucose at Day 21 (left) and Day 42 (right) in RBC stored under normoxic (light red) or hypoxic (dark red) conditions. (C) The ratio of ¹³C₁-lactate to ¹³C₂-lactate in the same samples. p-values from a two-tailed paired T-test comparing normoxic and hypoxic storage at each time point are indicated as **p < 0.01; and ****p < 0.0001.