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. 2022 Mar 14;16:835645. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835645

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Copyright © 2022 Gabriele, Abel, Fox, Wray and Arber.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed roles of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and phenotypes associated to changes in APP level. (A) APP plays a role in many biological processes including maintenance of synapse, transcriptional regulation, plasticity, and neuroprotection. APP is cleaved into biologically active fragments; APP intracellular domain (AICD) translocates to the nucleus where it regulates transcription; APP localises to the neuronal growth cone where it regulates axon growth; APP dimerization occurs at the synapse (in trans and in cis) between two molecules of APP regulating synaptic stability (similar dimerization occurs at the neuromuscular junction). (B) Phenotypes associated with overexpression of wild type APP, APP knockout and ASO-mediated APP modulation. Created with BioRender.com.