TABLE 1.

Summary of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) knockdown studies to date.

ASO	Target	Mechanism of action	In vitro testing	In vivo testing	References
OL-1	APP mRNA	RNA degradation	-	SAMP8 and Tg2576 mice	Kumar et al., 2000; Farr et al., 2014
SSO	APP exon 17 or 15 in mice	Exon skipping	DS fibroblast	C57BL/6J Mice	Chang et al., 2018
AON	APP exon 17 (or 15 for mice)	Exon skipping	HCHWA-D fibroblast	C57BL/6J Mice	Daoutsali et al., 2021
ODN	APP site near beta secretase cleavage	RNA degradation	APP/Swe fibroblasts	Tg2576 mice	Chauhan and Siegel, 2007