Table 1.

Demographics of study population.

	Opioid-exposed (n = 23)	Controls (n = 29)	p -value
Male, n (%)	8 (35)	15(52)	0.22
Gestational age at birth (weeks), mean (SD)	37.87 (2.64)	39.23 (0.76)	0.02
Birth weight (Kg), mean (SD)	2.73 (0.52)	3.32 (0.37)	0.52
APGAR score 1 min, mean (SD)	8.39 (0.94)	7.93 (1.67)	<0.001
APGAR score 5 min, mean (SD)	8.83 (0.49)	8.76 (0.74)	0.03
Head circumference at birth (cm), mean (SD)	33.01 (2.33)	34.35 (1.65)	0.22
Postmenstrual age at scan (weeks), mean (SD)	44.13 (3.15)	44.64 (2.18)	0.70
Infant race/ethnicity
Non-hispanic white	20	18	0.57
Non-hispanic black	1	10	0.07
Hispanic white	1	1	0.57
Non-hispanic mixed	1	0	n/a
Maternal depression/stress/anxiety, n (%)	12 (52)	4 (14)	0.03
Maternal smoking, n (%)	15 (65.2)	0	n/a
Any maternal alcohol use during pregnancy	0	0	n/a
Maternal hepatitis C, n (%)	5 (21.7)	0	n/a
Maternal college degree, n (%)	1 (4.3)	15 (51.7)	0.013
Maternal methadone, n (%)	4 (17.4)	n/a	n/a
Maternal buprenorphine, n (%)	18 (78.3)	n/a	n/a
Maternal illicit opioids (e.g., heroin and/or fentanyl), n (%)	8 (34.8)	n/a	n/a
Other maternal non-opioid illicit drug use, n (%)	6 (26.1)	0	n/a
Neonatal abstinence syndrome requiring opioid treatment, n (%)	5 (21.7)	n/a	n/a
Length of infant Hospital stay, mean days (SD)	11.78 (11.77)	2.03 (0.82)	<0.001

Unpaired two-sided t-test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables.