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. 2022 Mar 14;13:856699. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856699

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

D-glucono-1,5-lactone protected against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. (A) The chemical structure of GDL. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, I/R group, and I/R + GDL group. (B) The schematic of the experimental design in vivo. (C) Myocardial infarction was assessed by TTC-Evans blue double staining (n = 5). (D) Serum LDH and (E) CK-MB activities were evaluated as an index for cardiac injury via commercial kits (n = 8–12). (F) Representative images and Western blot analysis of pro-survival kinases (ERK and Akt) in cardiac tissues of each group (n = 5). (G) Representative images and Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl2, Bax, and Caspase3) in cardiac tissues of each group (n = 5). (H–I) TUNEL staining and quantification of apoptosis in heart tissue section among groups (n = 5; scale bar = 50 μm). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, #P < 0.001, and $P < 0.0001 between indicated groups.