PF ameliorated mitochondrial structural damage and regulated mitochondrial dynamics in CKD rats. (A) Representative electron micrographs. Mitochondria were swollen and showed a disordered arrangement and membrane ruptures or large vacuoles in CKD model rats. The black arrows indicate mitochondria (magnification: 3,000× and 10,000×, scale bars: 5 and 1 μm). (B, C) The mitochondrial average Feret diameter and area from different groups in muscles were calculated (n = 20/group). (D) Representative western blots using antibodies against DRP1 phosphorylation at Ser616, DRP1, FIS1, MFF, MTFP1, and GAPDH. (E) Western blot quantification of the expression of mitochondrial fission-related proteins, including p-DRP1 (Ser616), DRP1, FIS1, MFF and MTFP1. (F) Representative western blots using antibodies against p-DRP1 (Ser637), DRP1, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, and GAPDH. (G) The expression of mitochondrial fusion-related proteins. All protein expression was normalized to that of GAPDH as a loading control (n = 6). All of the data are expressed as the means ± S.Ds. Significant differences are indicated as *
p < 0.05, **
p < 0.01, ***
p < 0.001 vs. the Sham group. #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01, ###
p < 0.001 vs. the Model group.