TABLE 7.

Significant differences in Granger causality analysis between MDD and healthy controls.

Brain regions	Brodmann areas	Side	MNI coordinates			Cluster size	t-values
			X	Y	Z
x to y
MDD VS. healthy controls
Superior frontal gyrus	46	Left	−30	18	39	345	−4.251
Middle temporal gyrus	21	Right	66	−24	0	95	−3.558
Caudate	48	Right	21	6	12	149	−3.964
y to x
MDD VS. healthy controls
Superior frontal gyrus	10	Left	−33	54	6	98	−3.258
Inferior temporal gyrus	20	Left	−48	−18	−30	145	−3.707
Middle occipital gyrus	19	Left	−33	−81	15	88	−3.284
Caudate	48	Right	24	0	27	98	3.514