Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the review meta-analysis
| N | BPB onset rate, % | Follow-up time, y | Age, y (SD) | Sample | Considered outcome | Risk factors (reported effects) | BMI at T0 | Remission rate % | Diagnostic criteria | Country | Recruitment year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderluh et al. [23] | 55 | 38 | 20 | 28.4 (10.50) | In- and out-patients | BPB once in 2 weeks for 3 months | NR | 16.4 kg/m2 | 4.70% | ICD-10 | UK | NR |
| Castellini et al. [2] | 76 | 43.4 | 6 | 27.2 (9.10) | Out-patients | Any BPB | Unipolar depression | 16.5 kg/m2 | 52.10% | DSM-IV excluding amenorrhea | Italy | 2003 |
| Eckert et al. [20] | 40 | 53.5 | 8 | 20.0 (5.20) | In-patients | Any BPB | NR | 31.1% below IBW | 23.70% | DSM-III-R | USA | 1977 |
| Eddy et al. [10] | 51 | 62.2 | 8 | 22.4 (NR) | Treatment-seeking | Any BPB once weekly or more for 8 weeks | NR | 25% below IBW | 33.30% | DSM-IV | USA | 1987 |
| Fichter et al. [21] | 30 | 30.0 | 2 | 24.9 (6.70) | In-patients | Diagnoses of DSM-4 AN-BP or BN | NR | 14.3 kg/m2 | 60% | DSM-IV | Germany | 1985 |
| Lantz et al. [4] | 48 | 70.8 | 18 | 14.26 (1.62) | Students | Any BPB | Highest premorbid BMI | 5.5th percentile | NR | DSM-III, DSM-IV | Sweden | 1985 |
| Monteleone et al. [18] | 70 | 34.2 | Retrospective | 25.89 (NR) | Treatment-seeking | BN |
Novelty seeking Self-directedness Age at onset Duration of the illness Maximum past BMI |
21.8 kg/m2 | NR | DSM-IV | Italy | 2011 |
| Nishimura et al. [19] | 80 | 45.0 | Retrospective | 24.00 (7.43) | Out-patients | Diagnoses of DSM-IV AN-BP or BN |
Duration of illness Maximum lifetime BMI BDI score Parental criticism Self-directedness |
15.27 kg/m2 | NR | DSM-IV | Japan | NR |
| Smith et al. [22] | 16 | 37.5 | 6 | 15.5 (NR) | Treatment-seeking | BN | NR | 15.47 kg/m2 | NR | DSM-III-R | USA | 1987 |
| Strober et al. [8] | 77 | 29.0 | 12,5 | 14.40 (0.83) | In-patients | Objective binge eating only |
Hostile attitudes toward family Lack of parental expressed empathy/affection toward patient |
14.1 kg/m2 | 75.80% | DSM-III-R | USA | 1980 |
| Tenconi et al. [11] | 94 | 22.3 | 1 | 20.60 (4.06) | Out-patients | At least 4 episodes of binging in 2 weeks |
Early menarche Body dissatisfaction |
15.9 kg/m2 | NR | DSM-IV | Italy | 1993 |
| Tozzi et al. [15] | 88 | 36.36 | Retrospective | 26.75 (8.99) | Mixed cohort | BN |
Self-directedness Parental criticism |
20 kg/m2 | NR | DSM-IV |
USA; Canada |
2003 |
BPB binging/purging behaviors, NR not reported, AN-BP anorexia nervosa binging/purging type, BN bulimia nervosa, SD standard deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, NR not reported