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. 2022 Mar 29;13:1663. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29321-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Scheme for the catch-up single-molecule assay. Termination is mediated only by catch-up ρ, while an inactive ρ pre-occupies the stand-by site on RNAP and is not replaced by subsequently added wild-type ρ. b ρ-dependency of catch-up recycling and decomposing terminations. The ρ-dependent TEs of recycling (solid) and decomposing (open) in the y-axis are plotted against ρ concentrations on a base-10 log scale in the x-axis. c Relative frequencies of readthrough (n = 251 complexes), recycling (n = 14), and decomposing (n = 70) timings measured in catch-up assays. The data are fitted to single exponential functions. Error bar represents the standard deviation of the mean from n ≥ 3 independent experiments. The numbers of analyzed molecules for b are in Supplementary Table 2. Source Data file includes the data for (b, c).