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. 2022 Mar 29;12:5341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09428-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PHH/HSC sheet analysis. (A) PHH/HSC sheet fabrication. PHHs and HSCs were co-cultured on 35 mm or 24-well UpCell culture plates at 37 °C for 4 days. After, the UpCell plates were incubated at 20 °C for 30 min following which the PHH/HSC sheets were detached from the surface, contracted, and became 3D. Scale bar, 10 mm. (B) PHH/HSC sheet on day 11 fabricated on 35 mm UpCell dishes, viewed from the top. Scale bar, 10 mm. (C) Area of the PHH/HSC sheet fabricated on 24-well UpCell dishes. The area of sheets in the lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity groups was smaller than that in control and glucotoxicity groups, n = 9, 3 independent experiments, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. PHH: Primary human hepatocyte. (D) PHH/HSC sheet on day 11 fabricated on 24-well UpCell dishes, viewed from the side (OCT). Scale bar, 200 μm. (E) Thickness of the PHH/HSC sheet fabricated on 24-well UpCell dishes. The thickness was highest in the glucolipotoxicity group, n = 9, 3 independent experiments, **p < 0.01.