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. 2022 Mar 29;12:5341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09428-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional analyses. (A) Evaluation of TGF-β1 levels in culture supernatant by ELISA. TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity groups compared to control and glucotoxicity groups. n = 6, 3 independent experiments, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. (B) Evaluation of SHH levels in culture supernatants by ELISA. SHH levels were significantly higher in lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity groups compared to control and glucotoxicity groups. n = 7, 3 independent experiments, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. SHH: Sonic hedgehog. (C) Evaluation of IL-8 levels in culture supernatant by ELISA. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity groups compared to control and glucotoxicity groups. n = 6, 3 independent experiments, **p < 0.01 *p < 0.05. (D) Evaluation of protein carbonyl levels in PHH/HSC sheet lysates by ELISA. Protein carbonyl levels were not significantly different between groups. n = 4. (E) Evaluation of TNFα-IP8 mRNA expression in PHH/HSC sheets by RT-qPCR. GAPDH was used as normalizer. No significant difference was observed between groups. n = 3, 3 independent experiments.