a. Schematic illustration of synthesis of the mfG/PEG-FA/ICG/Dox. b. Fluorescence spectrum of mfG/PEG-FA/ICG (black curve) and control mfG/PEG-FA (dashed curve). λex: 750 nm, λem: 780–900 nm. c. Histogram of lateral size distribution of the mfG/PEG-FA/ICG/Dox. d-e. Cell viability of HeLa cells treated with BSA, mfG/PEG-FA/ICG and mfG/PEG-FA/ICG/Dox for 24 h (d) and 48 h (e), respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 4). f. Cell viability of HeLa cells treated with mfG/PEG-FA/ICG/Dox for 48 h with or without pre-treatment of free 10% of FA, data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 4), ***P < 0.001 (Student's t-test comparisons with the equivalent concentration of FA pretreated counterpart). g. Cell viability of HeLa cells treated with BSA (20 μg/mL), ICG (0.9 μg/mL) and mfG/PEG-FA/ICG/Dox (20 μg/mL of mfG) with or without 785 nm laser irradiation for 10 min. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (Student's t-test to 0 μg/mL) (Student's t-test). Cited and reproduced from Ref. [78].