Table 3.
Comparison of Criterion 1 and 2 Responders and Nonresponders
| Feature | AHIMAD <5/h, Reduction >50% | AHIMAD <10/h, Reduction >50% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (N=33) | Nonresponder (N=95) | P | Responder (N=62) | Nonresponder (N=66) | P | |
| Age (years) | 57.1 (49.9–62.0) | 53.7 (47.8–60.5) | 0.299 | 54.2 (45.8–60.3) | 54.5 (50.0–62.2) | 0.507 |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (87.9) | 76 (80.0) | 0.310 | 52 (83.9) | 53 (80.3) | 0.599 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (23.4–27.1) | 27.3 (25.4–29.0) | <0.001 | 25.5 (23.6–27.4) | 27.7 (25.8–29.4) | <0.001 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 37.0 (35.0–39.0) | 39.0 (36.0–41.0) | 0.023 | 37.0 (35.0–39.0) | 39.5 (36.3–42.0) | 0.003 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.0 (83.5–92.5) | 93.0 (88.0–100.0) | 0.004 | 89.0 (84.5–93.5) | 95.0 (89.0–100.8) | 0.001 |
| ESS | 11 (8–15) | 9 (7–12) | 0.156 | 10 (7–13.5) | 9.5 (6–12) | 0.470 |
| EDS, n (%) | 17 (51.5) | 29 (34.5) | 0.090 | 23 (39.0) | 23 (39.7) | 0.941 |
| Polysomnographic parameter | ||||||
| REM (%) | 17.2 (13.3–21.3) | 16.8 (11.3–21.7) | 0.571 | 17.2 (12.3–21.5) | 16.8 (11.5–21.5) | 0.754 |
| AHI (/h) | 36.6 (30.4–47.4) | 39.5 (28.6–54.0) | 0.479 | 32.4 (26.2–46.8) | 43.4 (32.3–57.6) | 0.005 |
| ≥ 30/h, n (%) | 25 (75.8) | 70 (73.7) | 0.815 | 40 (64.5) | 55 (83.3) | 0.015 |
| AHIREM (/h)# | 46.4 (39.1–59.1) | 51.5 (34.3–60.9) | 0.886 | 44.4 (29.4–58.5) | 54.4 (37.9–63.2) | 0.071 |
| AHINREM (/h)# | 34.8 (28.0–43.3) | 37.3 (26.6–56.7) | 0.377 | 34.0 (24.4–43.1) | 43.3 (29.1–57.7) | 0.018 |
| AHIsupine (/h)& | 38.0 (35.4–60.7) | 49.9 (31.8–65.2) | 0.724 | 36.1 (28.4–52.9) | 53.0 (40.2–66.8) | 0.002 |
| AHInon-supine (/h)& | 4.1 (1.5–14.3) | 34.4 (13.9–65.7) | <0.001 | 7.7 (2.2–34.7) | 34.9 (14.7–71.7) | 0.001 |
| Sleep stage dependency, n# | 30 | 89 | 0.043 | 56 | 63 | 0.304 |
| REM-predominant, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 16 (18.0) | 9 (16.1) | 11 (17.4) | ||
| NREM-predominant, n (%) | 0 | 14 (15.7)Φ | 4 (7.1) | 10 (15.8) | ||
| Stage-independent, n (%) | 26 (86.7) | 59 (69.3)Φ | 43 (76.8) | 42 (66.7) | ||
| Positional dependency, n& | 17 | 63 | 0.003 | 33 | 47 | 0.256 |
| Supine-predominant, n (%) | 14 (82.4) | 26 (41.3) | 19 (57.6) | 21 (44.7) | ||
| Nonpositional, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | 37 (58.7) | 14 (42.4) | 26 (55.3) | ||
| CPAP (cmH2O) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 9.0 (7.5–12.0) | 0.020 | 8.0 (6.0–11.0) | 9.5 (8.0–13.0) | 0.001 |
| AHIMAD (/h) | 2.2 (0.9–3.4) | 13.5 (9.2–24.2) | <0.001 | 4.6 (2.1–6.9) | 20.0 (13.1–35.3) | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). #Patients with time in REM or NREM ≤15 min were excluded from the analysis; &Patients with time in supine sleep ≤15 min or nonsupine sleep ≤15 min were excluded from the analysis. Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction: ΦResponder vs nonresponder: p < 0.017.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; REM (%), rapid eye movement percentage of total sleep time; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; AHIREM, apnea-hypopnea index during the rapid eye movement stage; AHINREM, apnea-hypopnea index during the nonrapid eye movement stage; AHIsupine, apnea-hypopnea index during supine sleep; AHInon-supine, apnea-hypopnea index during nonsupine sleep; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; AHIMAD, residual apnea-hypopnea index under MAD treatment.