Table 1.
The role of hypoxia-induced exosomes involved in cancer biology
| Source cells | Regulatory factors | Biological function | Mechanism | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Exosomal miR-1273f | Increase angiogenesis | Downregulate its target LHX6 | 69 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Exosomal miR-23a/b | Increase angiogenesis | Target the von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor axis | 70 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Exosomal miR-155 | Increase angiogenesis | / | 71 |
| Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Exosomal miR-21 | Increase the migration and invasion | HIF-1 and HIF-2 increase the expression of miR-21 | 58 |
| Bladder cancer | Exosomal lncRNA-UCA1 | Increase the migration and invasion | LncRNA-UCA1 promotes tumor progression though EMT | 72 |
| Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Exosomal miR-21 | Regulate immune response | Target PTEN/PD-L1 axis | 78 |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Exosomal miR-24-3p | Regulate immune response | Downregulate its target FGF11 | 79 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Exosomal miR-301a-3p | Regulate immune response | Target PTEN/PI3K axis | 84 |
| Lung cancer | Exosomal miR-103a | Regulate immune response | Target AKT/STAT3 axis | 85 |
| Epithelial ovarian cancer | Exosomal miR-940 | Regulate immune response | / | 86 |
| Lung cancer | Exosomal TGF-β | Regulate immune response | Decrease the expression of NKG2D | 91 |